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(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary, Key Terms, ReviewQuestions, Problems, Additional Problems, Group Projects, and References andReadings.) 1. Chemistry: A Science for All Seasons. Science andTechnology: The Roots of Knowledge. The Baconian Dream and the CarsonianNightmare. Science: Testable, Reproducible, Explanatory, Predictive, andTentative. Limitations of Science. Science and Technology: Risks andBenefits. Chemistry: Its Central Role. Solving Society's Problems: ScientificResearch. Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes. Classification ofMatter. Measurement of Matter. Density. Energy: Heat and Temperature.Critical Thinking. 2. Atoms: Are They for Real? Atoms: The Greek Idea.Lavoisier: The Law of Conservation of Mass. Proust: The Law of DefiniteProportions. John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter. Out of Chaos: ThePeriodic Table. Atoms: Real and Relevant. Leucippus Revisited: Molecules.3. Atomic Structure: Images of the Invisible. Electricity and the Atom.Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity. Three Types ofRadioactivity. Rutherford's Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom.Structure of the Nucleus. Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model. ElectronArrangement: The Quantum Model. Electron Configurations and the PeriodicTable. Which Model to Choose? 4. Nuclear Chemistry: The Heart of theMatter. Natural Radioactivity. Nuclear Equations. Half-Life. RadioisotopicDating. Artificial Transmutation. Uses of Radioisotopes. Nuclear Medicine.Penetrating Power of Radiation. Energy from the Nucleus. Building the Bomb.Radioactive Fallout. Nuclear Power Plants. Thermonuclear Reactions. TheNuclear Age. 5. Chemical Bonds: The Ties That Bind. The Art of Deduction:Stable Electron Configurations. Electron-Dot Structures. Sodium Reacts withChlorine: The Facts. Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: The Theory. UsingElectron-Dot Symbols: More Ionic Compounds. Formulas and Names of BinaryIonic Compounds. Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs. Unequal Sharing:Polar Covalent Bonds. Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane.Polyatomic Ions. Rules for Writing Electron-Dot Formulas. Odd-ElectronMolecules: Free Radicals. Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory. Shapes andProperties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules. Intermolecular Forces and States ofMatter. A Chemical Vocabulary. 6. Chemical Accounting: Mass and VolumeRelationships. Chemical Sentences: Equations. Volume Relationships inChemical Equations. Avogadro's Number: 6.02 X 1023. The Mole: "A Dozen Eggsand a Mole of Sugar, Please." Mole and Mass Relationships in ChemicalEquations. The Gas Laws. Solutions. 7. Acids and Bases: Please Pass theProtons. Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions. Acids, Bases, and Salts.Acidic and Basic Anhydrides. Strong and Weak Acids and Bases. The pH Scale.Acid Rain. Antacids: A Basic Remedy. Acids and Bases in Industry and in Us.8. Oxidation and Reduction: Burn and Unburn. Oxidation and Reduction: ThreeViews. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents. Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries.Corrosion. Explosive Reactions. Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential OxidizingAgent. Other Common Oxidizing Agents. Some Reducing Agents of Interest. ACloser Look at Hydrogen. Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things. 9.Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds. The UniqueCarbon Atom. Alkanes. Cyclic Hydrocarbons: Rings and Things. Unsaturated andHydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes. Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene andRelatives. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards. The FunctionalGroup. The Alcohol Family. Phenols. Ethers. Aldehydes and Ketones. CarboxylicAcids. Esters: The Sweet Smell of RCOOR'. Amines and Amides. HeterocyclicCompounds: Alkaloids and Others. 10. Polymers: Giants Among Molecules.Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones. Natural Polymers.Celluloid: Billiard Balls and Collars. Polyethylene: From the Battle ofBritain to Bread Bags. Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + ! GivesOne!. Rubber. Condensation Polymers: Splitting Out Water. Properties ofPolymers. Disposal of Plastics. Plastics and Fire Hazards. Plasticizers andPollution. Plastics and the Future. 11. Chemistry of Earth: Metals andMinerals. Spaceship Earth: The Materials Manifest. The Lithosphere: Organicand Inorganic. Meeting Our Needs: From Sticks to Bricks. Silicates and theShapes of Things. Modified Silicates: Ceramics, Glass, and Cement. Metals andOres. Running Out of Everything: Earth's Dwindling Resources. Land Pollution:Solid Wastes. The Three R's of Garbage: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. How CrowdedIs Our Spaceship? 12. Air: The Breath of Life. Earth's Atmosphere:Divisions and Composition. Chemistry of the Atmosphere. TemperatureInversion. Natural Pollution. The Air Our Ancestors Breathed. Pollution GoesGlobal. Coal + Fire = Industrial Smog. Automobile Emissions. PhotochemicalSmog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines. Acid Rain: Air Pollution = WaterPollution. The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution. Ozone: The Double-EdgedSword. Carbon Dioxide and the Greenhouse Effect. The Ultimate Pollutant:Heat. Who Pollutes? How Much?. Paying the Price. 13. Water: Rivers of Life;Seas of Sorrows. Water: Some Unique Properties. Water, Water, Everywhere.The Water Cycle and Natural Contaminants. Chemical Contamination: From Farm,Factory, and Home. An Example of Industrial Pollution: Building a Car.Groundwater Contamination: Tainted Tap Water. Making Water Fit to Drink.Water Treatment Plants. From Wastewater to Drinking Water. The Newest SoftDrink: Bottled Water. Back to the Soil: An Alternative Solution. We're theSolution to Water Pollution. 14. Energy: A Fuels Paradise. HeavenlySunlight Flooding Earth with Energy. Energy and Chemical Reactions. Energyand the First Law: Energy Is Conserved. Energy and the Second Law: Things AreGoing to Get Worse. People Power: Early Uses of Energy. Fossil Fuels:Reserves and Consumption Rates. Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages. Natural Gas:Mostly Methane. Petroleum: Liquid Hydrocarbons. Convenient Energy:Electricity. Nuclear Fission. Nuclear Fusion: The Sun in a Magnetic Bottle.Harnessing the Sun: Solar Energy. Biomass: Photosynthesis for Fuel. Hydrogen:Light and Powerful. Other Renewable Energy Sources. Energy: How Much Is TooMuch? 15. Biochemistry: A Molecular View of Life. The Cell. Energy inBiological Systems. Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy. Fats and OtherLipids. Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids. Peptide Bond: Peptides andProteins. Structure of Proteins. Enzymes: Exquisite Precision Machines.Nucleic Acids: Parts and Structure. DNA: Self-Replication. RNA: ProteinSynthesis and the Genetic Code. Genetic Engineering. 16. Food: ThoseIncredible Edible Chemicals. Carbohydrates: The Preferred Fuels. Fats:Energy Reserves, Cholesterol, and Cardiovascular Disease. Proteins: Muscleand Much More. Minerals: Important Inorganic Chemicals in Our Lives.Vitamins: Vital, But Not All Are Amines. Other Essentials: Fiber and Water.Starvation and Fasting. Additives to Enhance Our Food. Poisons in Your Food.A World Without Food Additives. Plants: Sun-Powered Food-Making Machines.Farming With Chemicals: Fertilizers. The War Against Pests. Biological InsectControls. Herbicides and Defoliants. Sustainable Agriculture. Some MalthusianMathematics. Can We Feed a Hungry World? 17. Household Chemicals: Helps andHazards. A History of Cleaning. Fat + Lye = Soap. Synthetic Detergents.Laundry Detergent Formulations. Dishwashing Detergents. Fabric Softeners:Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Laundry Bleaches: Whiter Whites. All-PurposeCleaning Products. Special-Purpose Cleaners. Organic Solvents in the Home.Paints. Waxes. Cosmetics: Personal Care Chemicals. Toothpaste: Soap with Gritand Flavor. Perfumes, Colognes, and Aftershaves. Some Hairy Chemistry. TheWell-Informed Consumer. 18. Fitness and Health: Some Chemical Connections.Nutrition. Vitamins and Minerals. Body Fluids: Electrolytes. Weight LossDiets. Exercise for Weight Loss. Measuring Fitness. Some Chemistry ofMuscles. Drugs and the Athlete. Exercise and the Brain. No Smoking. Chemistryof Sports Materials. The Power of Optimism. 19. Drugs: Chemical Cures,Comforts, and Cautions. Pain Relievers: Nonsteroidal Anti-InflammatoryDrugs. Chemistry and the Common Cold. Antibacterial Drugs. Viruses andAntiviral Drugs. Chemicals Against Cancer. Hormones: The Regulators.Chemistry and Social Revolution: The Pill. Drugs for the Heart. Drugs and theMind. Some Chemistry of the Nervous System. Brain Amines: Depression andMania. Anesthetics. Depressants. Narcotics. Antianxiety Agents. StimulantDrugs. The Mindbenders: LSD. Marijuana: Some Chemistry of Cannabis. DrugProblems. The Placebo Effect. New Uses for Old Drugs. 20. Poisons: ChemicalToxicology. Natural Poisons. Corrosive Poisons: A Closer Look. PoisonsAffecting Oxygen Transport and Oxidative Processes. Make Your Own Poison:Fluoroacetic Acid. Heavy Metal Poisons. More Chemistry of the Nervous System.The Lethal Dose. Your Liver: A Detox Facility. Chemical Carcinogens: SlowPoisons. Testing for Carcinogens: Three Ways. Birth Defects: Teratogens.Hazardous Wastes. What Price Poisons? Appendix A: A Review of Measurementsand Mathematics. Appendix B: Glossary. Appendix C: Answers. Index.