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目次

I. JUSTICE AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS. 1. Introduction. Vast Disparities ofWealth. Are Disparities Defensible? The Problem of Just Wages. Justice andPolitical Legitimacy. What's Ahead. 2. Three Views. Capitalism. PrivateOwnership of Property. The Market System of Production and Distribution. ToEach, According to ... Socialism. Public Ownership of Property. A PlannedEconomy. To Each, According to ... The Welfare State. Ownership of Property.A Market Distribution with Supplements. To Each, According to ... Summing Up.3. The Case for Libertarian Capitalism. Productivity and Well-being. TheUtilitarian Argument. Rewards for the Deserving. Liberty and Justice: TheEntitlement Theory. The Case Against Government Intervention. The OverallArgument. Summing Up. 4. Socialism and the Critique of Capitalism. DoesCapitalism Maximize Human Well-Being? The Distribution of Wealth. DoesCapitalism Reward the Deserving? Socialism and Desert. Capitalism, Socialism,and Individual Liberty. How Liberty Upsets Liberty. The Case for Socialism.Summing Up. II. ASSESSING CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM. 5. PromotingWell-Being. Assessing Capitalism and Socialism. The Utilitarian Argument.The Capitalist Reply to the Marginal Utility Argument. Are There OtherMotivations? Back to the Present. The Welfare State Solution. Playing It ByEar. The Limits on Utilitarian Arguments. Summing Up. 6. Rewarding theDeserving. How Do We Tell What People Deserve? Moral Desert. Supply andDemand. Inherited Advantages. Moral Desert as a Patterned Conception ofJustice. Socialism and Desert. The Rejection of the Personal DesertCriterion. Does Socialism Give People What They Deserve? The Welfare StateSolution. Is the Personal Desert Criterion Adequate? Summing Up. 7.Protecting Liberty. Capitalist versus Socialist Freedom. Socialism as aThreat to Freedom. The Welfare State Solution. Nozick's Challenge to theWelfare State. Does Liberty Upset Patterns? Is Taxation on a Par with ForcedLabor? Where Do We Stand? III. THE WELFARE STATE. 8. Rawl's Defense of theLiberal Democratic Welfare State. Rawl's Method. The Original Position. TheVeil of Ignorance. The Two Principles of Justice. The Difference Principle.Defending the Difference Principle. A Second Rawlsian Argument. Fair Equalityof Opportunity. Implications for the Welfare State. Evaluating RawlsianJustice. The Social Contract Method. The Difference Principle and EconomicJustice. Some Morals of the Story. Summing Up. 9. What Should Welfare StatesProvide? How Much "Welfare?" The Emergency Relief State. Limitations of theEmergency Relief State. The Comprehensive Welfare State. Isn't ThisSocialism? In Defense of the Comprehensive Welfare State. Summing Up. 10.The Comprehensive Welfare State: Objections and Replies. Libertarianism andthe Function of Government. Encouraging Dependency. Incentive, Again. DoNonworkers Deserve Resources? Is Equal Opportunity Enough? Summing Up. 11.The Bottom Line. Vast Disparities. The Problem of Just Wages. Justice andPolitical Legitimacy. Utopian? Unrealistic? For Further Reading. Index.