内容

目次

PART ONE; Introduction: questions that need answering; Chapter 1:Questions about cohesion; 1.1 The aim of this book; 1.2 The nature ofcohesion; 1.3 Questions concerning the place of cohesion; Question 1:cohesion and coherence; Question 2: cohesion and sentence relationships;Question 3: cohesion and text organization; 1.4 Work relevant to thequestions; Hasan (1984); Winter (1974, 1979); Phillips (1985); 1.5 A wayforward; Chapter 2: A metaphor for text organization; 2.1 The aim of thischapter; 2.2 Sentence as a metaphor for text; 2.3 An alternative metaphor;2.4 A simple example; The repetition links: sentence 1; The repetition links:sentence 2; The repetition links: sentence 3; The repetition links: sentence4; 2.5 A representation of the repetition patterning; 2.6 Unwanted cohesion;2.7 Interpretation of the patterning: central and marginal sentences; 2.8Interpretation of the patterning: common ground between sentences; 2.9Conclusions; PART TWO; Answers from text analysis; Chapter 3: Types ofrepetition; 3.1 The aim of this chapter; 3.2 Repetition as links; 3.3 Simplelexical repetition; 3.4 Complex lexical repetition; 3.5 Text-forming versus'chance' lexical repetition; 3.6 Simple paraphrase; 3.7 Complex paraphraseand the link triangle; 3.8 Superordinate, hyponymic, and co-referencerepetition; 3.9 Other ways of repeating; Personal pronouns; Demonstrativepronouns and modifiers; Other substitution links; 3.10 A last look at the'collection of texts' metaphor; Chapter 4: Patterns of repetition innon-narrative text; 4.1 The aim of this chapter; 4.2 The data; 4.3Identification of repetition links; 4.4 Construction of a repetition matrix;4.5 Creation of a net of bonds; 4.6 An extension to the data; 4.7Conclusions; Chapter 5: The significance of repetition nets; 5.1 The aim ofthis chapter; 5.2 The removal of certain features of cohesion; 5.3 The net asrecord of bonding; 5.4 Marginal sentences; Sentences 5, 9, and 10; Sentence18; Sentence 27; Sentences 30 and 31; Sentence 13; Abridgement: procedure 1(marginal sentences); 5.5 Central sentences; Abridgement: procedure 2(central sentences); 5.6 Topic opening and topic closing; Clear topic-openingsentences; Clear topic-closing sentences; Other topic openings and closings;5.7 Conclusions; Chapter 6: Properties of the bonds of the nets; 6.1 The aimof this chapter; 6.2 Claims for the bonds; 6.3 Testing the strong claim;Sentences 1 and 4; Sentences 1 and 7; Sentences 17 and 24; Sentences 19 and26; Sentences 20 and 38; Sentences 21 and 23; Sentences 23 and 36; Sentences23 and 38; Sentences 25 and 28; 6.4 Testing the weak claim; Excessiverepetition; The effect of voice choice; The effect of modal choice; Theeffect of given-new relationships; The role of context; 6.5 Abridgement:procedure 3 (topic-controlling sentences); Sentence 17: summary; Sentence 38:first summary; Sentence 38: second summary; Sentence 1: summary; 6.6 Distancebonding; 6.7 Bonding and reader creativity; 6.8 Bonding and writercreativity; 6.9 Conclusions; Chapter 7: How the links work; 7.1 The aim ofthis chapter; 7.2 How the pairs are related; 7.3 Processes in the creation ofparallelism; Lexical expansion; Lexical reduction; Lexical transference;Lexical substitution; Syntactic equivalence; Discoursal expansion; 7.4Exemplification of the processes of parallelism; Sentences 17 and 24;Sentences 19 and 26; Sentences 21 and 24; 7.5 Conclusions; PART THREE;Implications for theory and practice; Chapter 8: Implications for a theory oflanguage; 8.1 The aim of this chapter; 8.2 Claims about the nature of text;8.3 Text as structure versus text as organization; 8.4 Halliday's map oflanguage (1961); 8.5 The meaning of context in Halliday (1961); 8.6 Arevision of Halliday's map of language; 8.7 The place of monologue in a mapof language study; 8.8 The place of lexis in a map of language study; 8.9Implications of our map of language; 8.10 Further symmetries in our map oflanguage; Reference to adjacent areas; The relationship of speech andwriting; Grammar and discourse; Sentence and morpheme; Relationships acrossthe map of language; 8.11 Conclusions; Chapter 9: Implications for readingand writing; 9.1 The aim of this chapter; 9.2 The reader's active role; 9.3Typical reading purposes; 9.4 Typical reading strategies; 9.5 Reading quicklyand reading carefully; 9.6 Identifying relevant sentences; 9.7 Getting senseout of a text; 9.8 Rough and ready analyses; 9.9 Reading for reference; 9.10The teaching of lexis; 9.11 Repetition and writing; 9.12 Conclusions;Appendices; Bibliography; Glossary; Notes; Index