内容

目次

Acknowledgments; Preface; 1 INTRODUCTION; Overview; Basic Forms; - Onterminology; - On being ungrammatical; - On good English; Basicmeanings; - 'I am more interesting in English Grammar'; - Why can I say'I shot the sheriff', but not *'I smiled the sheriff'?; - Linguisticdistance; Meanings in context; - Discussion topics and projects; -Teaching ideas; - Further reading; 2 ARTICLES; Overview; Basic forms; -An article machine; Basic meanings; - Countability; - Singular orplural?; - Individuation; - Conceptual structure: classifying andidentifying; Meanings in context; - Already given: anaphoric andcataphoric (the); - Clearly given (zero article); - A note on a newarticle; - Discussion topics and projects; - Teaching ideas; - Furtherreading; 3 TENSE AND ASPECT; Overview; Basic forms; - The basicstructure; Basic meanings; - Tense; - Aspect; - Lexical aspect; -Grammatical aspect; Meanings in context; - In a magazine article; - Inacademic writing; - In narratives; - In a news report; - In spokendiscourse; - Discussion topics and projects; - Teaching ideas; -Further reading; 4 MODALS; Overview; Basic forms; - The simple modals;Basic meanings; - Epistemic modality; - Root modality; - Necessary andpossible; Meanings in context; - The potential of can; - Thepossibility of may; - The necessity of must; - The likelihood of will;- The requirements of should; - Negation and modals; - Discussiontopics and projects; - Teaching ideas; - Further reading; 5CONDITIONALS; Overview; Basic forms; - Factual conditionals; -Predictive conditionals; - Hypothetical conditionals; - Counterfactualconditionals; Basic meanings; - What happens if ... ?; - What willhappen if ... ?; - What would happen if ... ?; - What would havehappened if ... ?; Meanings in context; - Restating; - Contrasting; -Listing alternatives; - Giving examples; - End-weight; - Uncertaintyand politeness; - Exceptional and concessive conditionals; - Discussiontopics and projects; - Teaching ideas; - Further reading; 6PREPOSITIONS AND PARTICLES; Overview; Basic forms; Prepositions; Basicmeanings: prepositions; - Location in space; - Location in time; -Location in metaphor; Particles; Basic meanings: particles; - Up anddown; - Off, on, out, and away; Meanings in context; - End-weight; -Discussion topics and projects; - Teaching ideas; - Further reading; 7INDIRECT OBJECTS; Overview; Basic forms; - Types of verbs; - Basicstructures: origins and pronunciation; Basic meanings; - Humans,transfer, and having; - Transfer and not having; - Creating, getting,and benefiting; Meanings in context; - End-weight; - Linguisticdistance; - Discussion topics and projects; - Teaching ideas; - Furtherreading; 8 INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS; Overview; Basic forms; Basicmeanings; - Group 1: verbs with only finite (that ...) complements; -Group 2: verbs with only to-V non-finite complements; - Group 3: verbswith only V-ing non-finite complements; - Group 4: verbs with both to-Vand V-ing complem