内容

目次

1. Socioeconomic Trends and the Social Class Structure. The SocialClass Hierarchy. The Occupational; Structure. Perspectives on SocialStructure. Subcultures of the Social Classes. Development of a Big-CityUnderclass. Economic, Social, and Demographic Changes. Conclusion. 2.Educational Selecting and Sorting in Postindustrial, Metropolitan Society.Sorting and Selecting in the Educational System. Additional Topics InvolvingSorting and Selecting. The Crisis in Sorting and Selecting. MetropolitanEvolution. Urban Redevelopment and Renewal. Recent Positive Developments inMetropolitan Evolution. Conclusion: The Crisis in Sorting and Selecting. 3.Problems of Children and Youth in Differing Social Class Environments.Evolution of the Child-Nurturing Modern Family. Working-Class Environments.Underclass Environments. Middle-Class Environments. Implications forEducation. Social Class Environments and Classroom Social Control. 4. HomeEnvironment, the Family, and Cognitive Development. Importance of EarlyEnvironment. Home Environment, Cognitive Development, and Achievement.Recent Trends in the Family and Youth Development. Problems Related toFamily Evolution. The Postnuclear Family Adrift on a Sea ofSelf-Fulfillment. Parental Involvement and Cooperation with the School.Conclusion. 5. The Peer Group. The Nature and Importance of the Peer Group.Functions of the Peer Group. The Adolescent Peer Group and ProblemBehavior. The Growing Influence of the Peer Group. The Peer Group and theFamily. The Peer Group and the School. The Peer Group and the Community.Decline of Urban Playgrounds and Open Spaces. Out-of-School Services forChildren and Adolescents. Conclusion. 6. The Transition from Adolescence toAdulthood. Youth as a Separate Stage of Life. Historical Views of Youth.Size of the Youth Group. The Values and Attitudes of Youth. Suicide.Homicide. Youth and Employment. The Transition from School to Work.Delinquency and Violence Among Juveniles and Young Adults. Drug Abuse. TeenPregnancy. Community and National Service. Personal Capital/EducationalEquity Accounts. Schools and Other Institutions in a Constructive Programfor Youth. Conclusion. 7. Mobility and Education. The Nature and Amount ofSocial Mobility. Education, Opportunity, Mobility, and Earnings. Educationand the Socioeconomic Power Structure: The Neo-Marxist and RevisionistCritiques and Critical Pedagogy. Conclusion. 8. Low-Status Students andCompensatory Education. Reasons for Poor Performance. Implications forInstruction. Students and Schools in Concentrated Poverty Communities. TheStatus of Compensatory Education. Comprehensive Ecological Intervention.Coordinating Schools with Other Agencies. Social Policy and CompensatoryEducation. Financing of Central-City Schools. Conclusion. 9.Desegregation. Status of School Desegregation. Desegregation Goals andObstacles. Instructional Improvement Components in Desegregation Plans.Effects and Outcomes of Desegregation. Urban Schools and Desegregation.Housing and School Desegregation. When Inner-City Families are Relocated inthe Suburbs. Federal Initiatives on Housing Desegregation. Conclusion. 10.Cultural Pluralism and Minority Education. Recent Immigration Patterns andDevelopments. Pluralism. African Americans and Education. HispanicAmericans and Education. Asian Americans and Education. Native Americans(American Indians and Eskimos). Appalachian Students. Employment ofMinority Teachers. Adapting Instruction in Accordance with Culture andLearning Styles. Constructive Cultural Pluralism and MulticulturalEducation. Conclusion. 11. Women and Education. Work Roles. OccupationalStatus. The Earnings Gap. The Continuing Plight of Displaced Homemakers.Sex Differences in Achievement and Ability. The Education of Women.Interventions to Promote Sex Equity. Recent Directions in Feminism.Conclusion. 12. Additional Topics Focusing on Educational Equity. Computersand Equity in Elementary and Secondary Schools. Rural Education. NonpublicSchools and Public Policy. 13. School Reform and Effectiveness. AchievementLevels and Trends in Elementary and Secondary Schools. National Reports andDevelopments Since 1983. Participation of External; Organizations inImprovement and Reform. Recent School Choice Proposals and Developments.Manifest/Latent Functions and Unforeseen Consequences. Effective SchoolsResearch. Research on Effective Instruction. Exemplary Approaches forImproving Instruction. Accomplishing School Improvement and Reform. At-RiskStudents and Dropouts. Crucial Issues in Moving Further toward SchoolReform. Conclusion: School Reform and the Crisis in Metropolitan Society.