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All chapters begin with a chapter outline and conclude with "Summary,""Key Terms," "Questions for Review," and "Questions for Discussion."Preface. 1.Research in the Behavioral Sciences. The Beginnings ofBehavioral Research. Goals of Behavioral Research. The Value ofResearch to the Student. The Scientific Approach. Behavioral Scienceand Common Sense. Philosophy of Science. The Role of Theory in Science.Research Hypotheses. A Priori Predictions and Post Hoc Explanations.Conceptual and Operational Definitions. Proof and Disproof in Science.Strategies of Behavioral Research. Domains of Behavioral Science. APreview. 2.Behavioral Variability and Research. Variability and theResearch Process. Variance: An Index of Variability. Systematic andError Variance. Assessing the Strength of Relationships. Meta-Analysis:Systematic Variance across Studies. 3.The Measurement of Behavior.Types of Measures. Scales of Measurement. Estimating the Reliability ofa Measure. Estimating the Validity of a Measure. Fairness and Bias inMeasurement. 4.Approaches to Psychological Measurement. ObservationalMethods. Physiological Measures. Self-Report: Questionnaires andInterviews. Archival Data. Content Analysis. 5.Descriptive Research.Types of Descriptive Research. Sampling. Describing and PresentingData. 6.Correlational Research. The Correlation Coefficient. AGraphic Representation of Correlations. The Coefficient of Determination.Statistical Significance of r. Factors That Distort CorrelationCoefficients. Correlation and Causality. Partial Correlation. OtherCorrelation Coefficients. 7.Advanced Correlational Strategies.Predicting Behavior: Regression Strategies. Assessing Directionality:Cross-Lagged and Structural Equations Analysis. Uncovering UnderlyingDimensions: Factor Analysis. 8.Basic Issues in Experimental Research.Manipulating the Independent Variable. Assignment of Participants toConditions. Experimental Control. Eliminating Confounds. ErrorVariance. Experimental Control and Generalizability: The Experimenter'sDilemma. 9.Experimental Design. One-Way Designs. Factorial Designs.Main Effects and Interactions. Combining Independent and SubjectVariables. 10.Analyzing Experimental Data. An Intuitive Approach toAnalysis. Hypothesis Testing. Analysis of Two-Group Experiments: Thet-Test. Analyses of Matched-Subjects and Within-Subjects Designs.11.Analyzing Complex Designs. The Problem: Multiple Tests Inflate Type IError. The Rationale behind ANOVA. How ANOVA Works. Follow-Up Tests.Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects ANOVAs. Multivariate Analysis ofVariance. Experimental and Nonexperimental Uses of Inferential Statistics.Computer Analyses. 12.Quasi-Experimental Designs. Pretest-PosttestDesigns. Time Series Designs. Longitudinal Designs. ProgramEvaluation. Evaluating Quasi-Experimental Designs. 13.Single-CaseResearch. Single-Case Experimental Designs. Case Study Research.14.Ethical Issues in Behavioral Research. Approaches to Ethical Decisions.Basic Ethical Guidelines. The Principle of Informed Consent.Invasion of Privacy. Coercion to Participate. Physical and MentalStress. Deception in Research. Confidentiality in Research. CommonCourtesy. Ethical Principles in Research with Animals. ScientificMisconduct. A Final Note. 15.Scientific Writing. How ScientificFindings Are Disseminated. Elements of Good Scientific Writing.Avoiding Biased Language. Parts of a Manuscript. Citing and ReferencingPrevious Research. Other Aspects of APA Style. Sample Manuscript.Glossary. Appendix A: Statistical Tables. Appendix B: ComputationalFormulas for ANOVA. References. Index.