This book was written and edited as a project of the International Asso­ ciation for the Study of Cooperation in Education (lASCE). It grew di­ rectly out of the second conference of the lASCE, held at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, in [uly 1982. The chapters in the book were originally presented in some form at the Provo conference, though most have been considerably revised since that time. This is the second book sponsored by the lASCE; the first, Cooperation in Education (Provo, Utah:Brigham Young University Press, 1980),edited by Shlomo Sharan, Paul Hare, Clark Webb, and Rachel Hertz-Lazarowitz, was based on the proceedings of the first conference of the IASCE in Tel Aviv, Israel, in 1979. The IASCE is a group of educators interested in studying, devel­ oping, or applying cooperative methods at various levels of the process of education. It includes researchers, teacher educators, teachers, and school administrators from more than a dozen countries.