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Preface ix Contributors xi Water Quality Control Acid Mine Drainage—Extent and Character 1 The Control of Algal Populations in Eutrophic Water Bodies 2 Arsenic Compounds in Water 7 Arsenic Health Effects 15 Background Concentration of Pollutants 18 Waterborne Bacteria 20 Water Assessment and Criteria 24 Physiological Biomarkers and the Trondheim Biomonitoring System 28 Biomarkers, Bioindicators, and the Trondheim Biomonitoring System 29 Active Biomonitoring (ABM) by Translocation of Bivalve Molluscs 33 Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Other Organic Pollution Measures 37 Biodegradation 41 Bioluminescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing 45 Biomanipulation 50 Genomic Technologies in Biomonitoring 58 Macrophytes as Biomonitors of Trace Metals 64 Biosorption of Toxic Metals 68 Bromide Influence on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation 74 Activated Carbon: Ion Exchange and Adsorption Properties 79 Activated Carbon—Powdered 86 Chlorination 88 Chlorination By–Products 91 Classification and Environmental Quality Assessment in Aquatic Environments 94 Coagulation and Flocculation in Practice 98 Colloids and Dissolved Organics: Role in Membrane and Depth Filtration 99 Column Experiments in Saturated Porous Media Studying Contaminant Transport 103 Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase as an Indicator of PCB/Dioxin–Like Compounds in Fish 106 Water Related Diseases 111 Dishwashing Water Quality Properties 112 Disinfection By–Product Precursor Removal from Natural Waters 115 Alternative Disinfection Practices and Future Directions for Disinfection By–Product Minimization 118 Water Quality Aspects of Dredged Sediment Management 122 The Economics of Water Quality 127 Understanding Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and the Need for Rapid Detection in Water 136 Eutrophication and Organic Loading 142 Trace Element Contamination in Groundwater of District Hardwar, Uttaranchal, India 143 Iron Bacteria 149 Cartridge Filters for Iron Removal 152 Irrigation Water Quality in Areas Adjoining River Yamuna At Delhi, India 155 Water Sampling and Laboratory Safety 161 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills—Water Quality Issues 163 Land Use Effects on Water Quality 169 Monitoring Lipophilic Contaminants in the Aquatic Environment using the SPMD–TOX Paradigm 170 Use of Luminescent Bacteria and the Lux Genes For Determination of Water Quality 172 Water Quality Management 176 Water Quality Management and Nonpoint Source Control 184 Water Quality Management in an Urban Landscape 189 Water Quality Management in the U.S.: History of Water Regulation 193 Water Quality Management in a Forested Landscape 199 Trace Metal Speciation 202 Metal Ion Humic Colloid Interaction 205 Heavy Metal Uptake Rates Among Sediment Dwelling Organisms 211 Methemoglobinemia 219 Microbial Activities Management 223 Microbial Dynamics of Biofilms 228 Microbial Enzyme Assays for Detecting Heavy Metal Toxicity 233 Microbial Forms in Biofouling Events 239 Microbiological Quality Control in Distribution Systems 243 Water Quality Models for Developing Soil Management Practices 248 Water Quality Modeling—Case Studies 255 Field Sampling and Monitoring of Contaminants 263 Water Quality Models: Chemical Principles 269 Water Quality Models: Mathematical Framework 273 Environmental Applications with Submitochondrial Particles 278 Interest in the Use of an Electronic Nose for Field Monitoring of Odors in the Environment 281 Oil–Field Brine 284 Oil Pollution 290 Indicator Organisms 292 pH 294 Perchloroethylene (PCE) Removal 299 A Primer on Water Quality 301 Overview of Analytical Methods of Water Analyses With Specific Reference to EPA Methods for Priority Pollutant Analysis 304 Source–Water Protection 311 Protozoa in Water 313 Water Quality 314 Water Quality 316 Emerging and Recalcitrant Compounds in Groundwater 316 Road Salt 319 Review of River Water Quality Modeling Software Tools 325 River Water Quality Calibration 331 Salmonella: Monitoring and Detection in Drinking Water 337 Lysimeter Soil Water Sampling 340 Regulatory and Security Requirements for Potable Water 343 A Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize Sediment Quality Using Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example For Spanish Coasts 350 Remediation and Bioremediation of Selenium–Contaminated Waters 355 Shellfish Growing Water Classification 360 Sorptive Filtration 362 Quality of Water in Storage 367 Quality of Water Supplies 370 The Submitochondrial Particle Assay as a Biological Monitoring Tool 376 Microscale Test Relationships to Responses to Toxicants in Natural Systems 379 Toxicity Identification Evaluation 380 Whole Effluent Toxicity Controls 382 Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Regulatory Purposes 383 Algal Toxins in Water 387 Ground Water Quality in Areas Adjoining River Yamuna at Delhi, India 392 Chlorine Residual 398 Source Water Quality Management 399 Dose–Response of Mussels to Chlorine 401 Metallothioneins as Indicators of Trace Metal Pollution 406 Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests 408 Ciliated Protists as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessment 413 SOFIE: An Optimized Approach for Exposure Tests and Sediment Assays 418 Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (Wetlands) 423 Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation: Two Lines of Evidence to Assess Sediment Quality 426 Lead and its Health Effects 432 Microbial Detection of Various Pollutants as an Early Warning System for Monitoring of Water Quality and Ecological Integrity of Natural Resources, in Russia 440 Luminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants 453 Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Test for Regulatory Purposes 458 Eh 464 Water Resource Development and Management Water Resources Challenges in the Arab World 470 Effluent Water Regulations in Arid Lands 475 California—Continually the Nation’s Leader in Water Use 478 Lessons from the Rising Caspian 480 Institutional Aspects of Water Management in China 484 Will Water Scarcity Limit China’s Agricultural Potential? 488 Water and Coastal Resources 489 Water Use Conservation and Efficiency 489 Conservation of Water 495 The Development of American Water Resources: Planners, Politicians, and Constitutional Interpretation 498 Water Markets: Transaction Costs and Institutional Options 499 Averting Water Disputes 501 Water Supply and Water Resources: Distribution System Research 509 Drought in the Dust Bowl Years 511 Drought Management Planning 514 Drought and Water Supply Management 515 Assessment of Ecological Effects in Water–Limited Environments 516 Reaching Out: Public Education and Community Involvement in Groundwater Protection 518 Integration of Environmental Impacts into Water Resources Planning 520 The Expansion of Federal Water Projects 522 Flood Control History in the Netherlands 524 Food and Water in an Emergency 526 Water Demand Forecasting 529 Remote Sensing and GIS Application in Water Resources 531 Globalization of Water 536 Water Science Glossary of Terms 541 Harvesting Rainwater 548 Urban Water Resource and Management in Asia: Ho Chi Minh City 552 Hydropower—Energy from Moving Water 554 Water Markets in India: Economic and Institutional Aspects 555 Water Resources of India 559 Water Infrastructure and Systems 567 Overview and Trends in the International Water Market 568 Best Management Practices for Water Resources 570 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) 574 Management of Water Resources for Drought Conditions 576 Water Resources Management 586 NASA Helping to Understand Water Flow in the West 587 Transboundary Water Conflicts in the Nile Basin 590 Planning and Managing Water Infrastructure 594 Application of the Precautionary Principle to Water Science 595 Water Pricing 603 Spot Prices, Option Prices, and Water Markets 606 Water Managed in the Public Trust 608 Water Recycling and Reuse: The Environmental Benefits 610 State and Regional Water Supply 613 River Basin Decisions Support Systems 619 Water Resource Sustainability: Concepts and Practices 624 The Provision of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries 630 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources 633 Sustainable Water Management On Mediterranean Islands: Research and Education 638 Meeting Water Needs in Developing Countries with Tradable Rights 643 Water Use in the United States 645 How We Use Water in These United States 650 Valuing Water Resources 653 Water—Here, There, and Everywhere in Canada 656 Water Conservation—Every Drop Counts in Canada 660 Ecoregions: A Spatial Framework for Environmental Management 667 Flood of Portals on Water 668 Fuzzy Criteria for Water Resources Systems Performance Evaluation 674 Participatory Multicriteria Flood Management 678 Water Resources Systems Analysis 683 Index 689