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List of tables, figures and maps Foreword Introduction CHAPTER 1: THEBIOSPHERE The living planet Productivity and the carbon cycle CHAPTER 2: THEDIVERSITY OF ORGANISMS Biodiversity Evolution and systematics Groups andnames Species concepts and diversity assessment Numbers of living species Thediversity of living organisms The phyla of living organisms CHAPTER 3:BIODIVERSITY THROUGH TIME The fossil record Patterns of diversificationPatterns of extinction CHAPTER 4: HUMANS AND BIODIVERSITY Use of naturalresources Human origins Impacts of early hominids on the environmentAppropriation of net primary production Current use of wild resources CHAPTER5: PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY The distribution of biologicaldiversity Diversity as a basis for conservation action Global trends inbiodiversity Recent vertebrate extinctions CHAPTER 6: MARINE BIODIVERSITY Theseas The composition and movement of seawater The major zones of the oceansThe basis of life in the seas Biological diversity in the seas Vertebratediversity in the seas Major marine communities Shallow water communitiesCorals and coral reefs Seagrasses Algae and kelp forests Oceanic pelagiccommunities Deep-sea communities Human use of and impact on the oceans Worldmarine capture fisheries Other major impacts on the marine biosphere Thecurrent status of marine biodiversity Management of marine ecosystems CHAPTER7: TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY The terrestrial biosphere Forests Temperateneedleleaf forests Tropical moist forests Tropical dry forests Sparse treesand parkland Forest plantations Changes in forest cover Pressures on forestbiodiversity Forest protection and management Non-forest ecosystems TundraGrasslands and savannas Shrublands Deserts and semi-deserts The status ofterrestrial biodiversity CHAPTER 8: INLAND WATER BIODIVERSITY Inland waterhabitats Lotic systems: rivers and catchment basins Lentic systems WetlandsDiversity in inland waters Inland water animals Inland waters and humankindUses of inland water species Other major factors influencing inland waterecosystems The current status of inland water biodiversity Assessment of thestatus of inland water ecosystems Index