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List of figures; List of contributors; Acknowledgements; Introduction;Sociolinguistics and English around the World Jenny Cheshire; 1. The UKand the USA Jenny Cheshire; 2. Ireland John Harris; 3. Urban and ruralvarieties of Hiberno-English Markku Filppula; 4. Sociolinguisticvariation and methodology: after as a Dublin variable Jeffrey L.Kallen; 5. The interpretation of social constraints on variation inBelfast English James Milroy; 6. Canada J. K. Chambers; 7. Phonologicalvariation and recent language change in St John's English SandraClarke; 8. Sociophonetic variation in Vancouver John H. Esling; 9.Social differentiation in Ottowa English Howard B. Woods; 10. NewZealand Allan Bell, and Janet Holmes; 11. Social constraints on thephonology of New Zealand English Donn Bayard; 12. Maori English: a NewZealand myth? Richard A. Benton; 13. Sporting formulae in New ZealandEnglish: two models of male solidarity Koenraad Kuiper; 14. AustraliaGregory Guy; 15. /ae/ and /a:/ in Australian English David Bradley; 16.Variation in subject-verb agreement in inner Sydney English EdinaEisikovits; 17. Australian Creole English: the effect of culturalknowledge on language and memory Margaret T. S. Steffensen; 18. SouthAsia Thiru Kandiah; 19. Final consonant cluster simplification in avariety of Indian English Farhat Khan; 20. Patterns of language use ina bilingual setting in India Anju Sahgal; 21. Speech acts in anindigenised variety: sociocultural values and language variation KamalK. Sridhar; 22. Southeast Asia and Hongkong Mary W. J. Tay; 23.Stylistic shifts in the English of the Philippine print media Andrew B.Gonzalez; 24. Variation in Malaysian English: the pragmatics oflanguages in contact Peter H. Lowenberg; 25. Social and linguisticconstraints on variation in the use of two grammatical variables inSingapore English John Platt; 26. East Africa (Tanzania and Kenya)Mohammed M. H. Abdulaziz; 27. The politics of the English language inKenya and Tanzania Musimbi R. A. Kanyoro; 28. National and subnationalfeatures in Kenyan English Josef J. Schmied; 29. Southern AfricaMaurice M. Chishimba; 30. Sources and consequences of miscommunicationin Afrikaans English - South African English encounters J. Keith Chick;31. Syntactic variation in South African Indian English: the relativeclause Rajend Mesthrie; 32. The social significance of language use andlanguage choice in a Zambian urban setting: an empirical study of threeneighbourhoods in Lusaka Alice K. Siachitema; 33. West Africa Eyamba G.Bokamba; 34. The pronoun system in Nigerian Pidgin: a preliminary studyNicholas Faraclas; 35. The sociolinguistics of prepositional usage inNigerian English Munzali Jibril; 36. Social and linguistic constraintson plural marking in Liberian English John Victor Singlar; 37. TheCaribbean Donald Winford; 38. Standardisation in a Creole continuumsituation: the Guyana case Hubert Devonish; 39. Gender roles andlinguistic variation in the Belizean Creo