内容

目次

Part 1 In search of the sign - an historical overview: the Saussurianbackground - linguistics and semiotics as separate disciplines, thehistorical connection between linguistics and semiotics, thesign-oriented approach; sign versus sentence - "semiology" versus"semiotics", linguistics as part of semiotics, a search for asign-oriented method, defining linguistic semiotically, defining thelinguistic sign. Part 2 Invariance - an overview: invariance andlanguage synergy - defining language semiotically, defining languagesynergetically, meaning versus message, meaning versus message andfunction, language synergy from the sign-oriented approach, thesynergetic relationship between encoders and decoders, the synergeticrelationship between signals and meanings, the synergetic relationshipbetween lexicon and grammar; invariant meaning - variations on aninvariant theme - sign versus sentence-oriented definitions oflanguage, invariance in linguistic theory reviewed, invariance inJakobsonian theory, invariance in Guillaumean theory, invariance inDiverian theory, the concept of grammatical number, postulatinginvariant meanings for the dual number, the Jacobsonian approach, theGuillaumean approach, the Diverian approach. Part 3 From sign to system- markedness and distinctive feature theory: the dual number - to thesign to system - the dual number - grammar or lexicon?, number systemsacross languages, the dual number in modern Hebrew, the distribution ofthe dual in the lexicon, the dual number and the communication factor,the dual number and the human factor, the interaction of the human andcommunication factors, the plural versus the dual in spoken and writtendiscourse, the creative use of the dual in a literary text; "If" versus"Whether" - duality revised - the non-synonymy hypothesis, the analysis- invariance and markedness, the data. Part 4 From sign to text: sign -system - context - text; working our way up; "Also" versus "Too" - thesign as a text - the problem, the analysis - invariance and markedness,the data - "Alice in wonderland", the data - "Looking for Mr Goodbar,discussion and conclusion, the non-synonymy hypothesis, thenon-homonymy hypothesis, word order and iconicity, othernon-traditional approaches to the problem. Part 5 From text to sign:text - context - system - sign; working our way down; the Englishcomparative system - the text as sign - presenting the problemsemiotically, traditional analyses of the problem, the data, themicro-level analysis, the macro-level analysis, "Curiouser andCuriouser" (Alice in the Wonderland), "Darlingest" (social disease),"Worse-worser-worst" (summer whine), the distribution of the forms.