内容

目次

Part 1 A guide to the use of this book: Introduction; The way this bookis organized; Varieties of English; Grammar in spoken and written English;Intonation; A note on phonetic symbols; Geographical and national varieties;Levels of usage: formal and informal English. Part 2 Grammar in Use: SectionA - Concepts; Referring to objects, substances and materials; Concrete andabstract; Amount or quantity; Definite and indefinite meaning; Relationsbetween ideas expressed by nouns; Restrictive and non-restrictive meaning;Time, tense and aspect - Present time, Past time, The progressive aspect,Future time; Time-when; Duration; Frequency; Place, direction and distance;Manner, means and instrument; Cause, reason and purpose; Condition andcontrast; Degree; Role, standard and viewpoint; Comparison; Addition,exception and restriction; Subject matter: about and on; Section B -Information, reality and belief; Statements, questions and responses;Omission of information; Reported statements and questions; Denial andaffirmation; Agreement and disagreement; Fact, hypothesis and neutrality;Degrees of likelihood; Attitudes to truth; Section C - Mood, emotion andattitude; Emotive emphasis in speech; Describing emotions; Volition;Permission and obligation; Influencing people; Friendly communications;Vocatives; Section D - Meanings in connected discourse; Linking, signals;Linking clauses and sentences; "General purpose" links; Cross-reference andomission; Presenting and focusing information; Order and emphasis.