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ContentsPrefaceIntroductionPart One: The writing process: three orientations1. Shaping at the point of utterance James Britton2. Does learning to write have to be so difficult? Carl Bereitter and Marlene Scardamalia3. New starts and different kids of failure H. G. WiddowsonPart Two: The development of writing abilities4. The growth and development of first-grade writers Donald H. Graves5. Assessing language development: the Crediton project Andrew Wilkinson6. Toward a theory of development rhetoric Daniel R. Kirby and Kenneth J. Kantor7. Redefining maturity in writing Lee OdellPart Three: Text and discourse8. A pluralistic synthesis fo four contemporary models for teaching composition James L. Kinneavy9. Contrastive rhetorics: some implications for the writing process Robert B. Kaplan10. Syntactic skill and ESL writing quality Patrick T. Kameen11.The reliability of mean T-unit length: some questions for research in written composition Stephen P. WittePart Four: Implications for teaching12. Writers and their writing, 15 to 17 Bruce Bennett13. Scope for intentions Nancy Martin14.Writing in response to literature John Dixon15.Instructional focus and the teaching of writing James R. Squire16.From classroom practice into psycholinguistic theory W. Ross Winterowd17. Communicative writing practice and Aristotelian rhetoric Keith Johnson18. Anguish as a second language? Remedies for composition teachers Ann RaimesBibliographyIndex