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List of Contributors. Acknowledgements. Part I: Introduction:. 1. What is Bioethics? A Historical Introduction: Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer. Part II: Questions About Bioethics:. 2. Ethical Theory and Bioethics: James Rachels. 3. Bioethics and Cultural Diversity: Segun Gbadegesin. 4. Gender and Bioethics: Jan Crosthwaite. 5. Religion and Bioethics: Baruch Brody. 6. Law and Bioethics: Wibren van der Burg. Part III: Ethical Approaches:. 7. A Principle–based Approach: James F. Childress. 8. An Absolute Rule Approach: Joseph Boyle. 9. A Utilitarian Approach: R. M. Hare. 10. A Virtue Ethics Approach: Justin Oakley. 11. A Care Approach: Rita C. Manning. 12. A Case Approach: John D. Arras. Part IV: Before Birth: Issues Involving Embryos and Fetuses:. 13. Personhood: Michael Tooley. 14. Abortion: Mary Ann Warren. 15. Mother–Fetus Conflict: Bonnie Steinbock. Part V: Issues in Reproduction:. 16. Population Issues: Margaret Battin. 17. Assisted Reproduction: Laura Purdy. 18. Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection and Cloning: Paul Robinson. Part VI: The New Genetics:. 19. Gene Therapy: Ruth Chadwick. 20. Mapping the Human Genome: Timothy Murphy. 21. Creating and Patenting New Life Forms: Nils Holtug. 22. Genetic Screening and Counselling: Angus Clarke. Part VII: Life and Death Issues:. 23. Medical Decisions at the End of Life: Dan W. Brock. 24. Severely Disabled Newborns: Eike–Henner W. Kluge. 25. Brain Death, Cortical Death and Persistent Vegetative State: Jeff McMahan. 26. Advance Directives: Alex Capron. 27. Voluntary Euthanasia, Suicide and Physician Assisted Suicide: Brian Stoffell. 28. The Slippery Slope Argument: Govert den Hartogh. Part VIII: Resource Allocation:. 29. Micro–allocation: Deciding Between Patients: John Harris. 30. Macro–allocation: Dividing Up the Health Care Budget: Dan Wikler and Sarah Marchand. 31. Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does it Encompass?: Norman Daniels. Part IX: Organ Donations:. 32. Organ Transplantation: Rosamund Rhodes. Part X: AIDS:. 33. AIDS: Individual and 'Public' Interests: Udo Schuklenk. 34. AIDS: Ethical Issues in the Developing World: Udo Schuklenk et al. Part XI: Experimentation With Human Subjects:. 35. Experimentation on Human Beings: Paul M. McNeill. 36. Ethical Issues in Human Experimentation: Leonardo D. de Castro. 37. Experimentation on Human Embryos and Fetuses: Mary Warnock. Part XII: Experimentation with Animals:. 38. History and Ethical Regulation of Animal Experimentation: An International Perspective: F. Barbara Orlans. 39. The Moral Status of Animals and Their Use as Experimental Subjects: Bernard E. Rollins. Part XIII: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Health Care:. 40. Confidentiality: Raanan Gillon. 41. Truth–telling: Roger Higgs. 42. Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy: Robert Young. 43. Patients Doubtfully Capable or Incapable of Consent: Carl Elliot. 44. Special Issues Facing Nurses: Verena Tschudin. Part XIV: The Teaching and Practice of Bioethics:. 45. Ethics Committees and Ethics Consultants: Jonathan D. Moreno. 46. How Bioethics is Being Taught: A Critical Review: Cat Myser. Index.