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LIST OF PLATES ix NOTE OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT x EDITOR'S FOREWORD xi BORISVYSHESLAWZEFF Two Ways of Redemption: Redemption as a Solution of the TragicContradiction [1936] 3 WILHELM KOPPERS On the Origin o f the Mysteries inthe Light of Ethnology and Indology [1944] 32 1. Introduction 32 2. TribalInitiations and Secret Leagues among Primitive Peoples 35 3. The Tierra delFuegians Throw New Light on the Subject 35 4. Our Question in the Light ofIndological Research 49 Summation and Conclusion 62. HEINRICH ZIMMER TheIndian World Mother [1938] 70 ERWIN ROUSSELLE Dragon and Mare, Figures ofPrimordial Chinese Mythology [1934] 103 1. The Dragon 105 2. The Mare 113ERNESTO BUONAIUTI Christ and St. Paul [1940] 120 Christology andEcclesiology in St. Paul [1941] 144 Symbols and Rites in the Religious Lifeof Certain Monastic Orders [1934/1935] 168 1. The Symbols 168 2. The Rites177 3. The Exercitia of St. Ignatius Loyola [1935] 187 4. GnosticInitiation and Christian Antiquity [1935], i99. GILLES QUISPEL Gnostic Man:The Doctrine of Basilides [1948] 210 1. Introduction 210 2. The Frame:Platonist Philosophy 215 3. Christian Influence 227 4. The Inspiration ofthe System: The Gnostic Experience 235 HENRI-CHARLES PUECH The Concept ofRedemption in Manichaeism [1936] 247 1. The Gnostic and Manichaean Notionsof Redemption: The Problem of Evil in Manichaeism 247 2. The TheoreticalFoundations of Redemption: The Cosmological and the Anthropological Myth, 2663. The Realization and Practical Instruments of Redemption 288 LOUISMASSIGNON Nature in Islamic Thought [1946] 315 The Idea of the Spirit inIslam [1945] 319 JEAN DE MENASCE The Experience o f the Spirit in ChristianMysticism [1945] 324 FRIEDRICH HEILER The Madonna as Religious Symbol [1934]348 ERICH NEUMANN Mystical Man [1948] 375 APPENDICES Biographical Notes 419Contents of the Eranos Jahrbucher 425 Index of Contributors 438 LIST OFABBREVIATIONS 441 INDEX 443