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Acknowledgments ix Chapter One: Urban Recycling: An Empirical Test ofSustainable Community Development Proposals 3 Sustainable CommunityDevelopment 4 Recycling as a Case Study in Sustainable Community Development7 The Rise of Recycling: "Why Waste a Resource?" 9 Contemporary RecyclingPractices 22 The Chicago Region as a locale for Examining Recycling andSustainable Community Development 27 Chapter Two: The Challenge to AchieveSustainable Community Development: A Theoretical Framework 30 The Treadmillof Production as a Modern Political-Economic Model 30 Conflict, Power, andDialectics: A Political Economic Perspective 35 Allocating Scarcity: ACentral Parameter 40 Political Consciousness in the Managed ScarcitySynthesis 43 The Treadmill of Production and Recycling: Overt and CovertConflicts 43 Limitations of Our Analysis 47 Chapter Three: Chicago'sMunicipally Based Recycling Program: Origins and Outcomes of aCorporate-Centered Approach 50 Who Is Riding the Tiger? The Alliance betweenthe City of Chicago and Waste Management, Incorporated 50 Promises andPitfalls of the Blue Bag Program 54 Early Problems with the Blue Bag:Miscalculating Start-up Costs and Recovery Rates 58 Occupational SafetyIssues: Challenges and Responses 66 Reclaiming the MRRFs: Chicago's Attemptto Regain Control 72 Conclusion: The Blue Bag Program and the Three Es ofSustainable Community Development 74 Chapter Four: Community-BasedRecycling: The Struggles of a Social Movement 78 Community-Based RecyclingCenters 78 The Model for Community-Based Recycling Centers: The ResourceCenter 78 Replicating the Resource Center: Uptown Recycling, Incorporated 83Limitations of the Community-Based Model 90 Social Movement Struggles in aGlobal Marketplace: The Demise of Community-Based Recycling? 94 Movingtoward the Three Es: Assessing the Achievements of the Community-BasedCenters 100 Community-Based Sustainable Development Enterprises: "Doing Goodbut Not Doing Well" 104 Chapter Five: Industrial Recycling Zones and Parks:Creating Alternative Recycling Models 107 Environmental Movements andIndustrial Ecology: The Logic of Recycling Parks and Recycling Zones 107Promises in Maywood 110 Reviving West Garfield Park: The Bethel New LifeStory 118 Resistance to Innovations: DuPage County and Gary, Indiana 120Planning for Industrial Recycling Zones: Is Ecological Modernization in OurFuture? 124 Chapter Six: Social Linkage Programs: Recycling Practices inEvanston 132 Finding Alternatives: The Road to Locating the Three Es 132Recycling Working as a Social Linkage: The Rise of the PIC Program inEvanston 132 Delinking the Evanston Program: The New "Bottom Line"Orientation to Local Recycling 142 Understanding the Dimensions ofVariability in Recycling Programs 149 Searching for Sustainable Development:Do Technology and Scale Matter? 151 Chapter Seven: The Treadmill ofProduction: Toward a Political-Economic Grounding of Sustainable CommunityDevelopment 156 Revisiting the Treadmill of Production 156 The GlobalizingTreadmill 158 The State's Ambivalent Role in Managing the Treadmill 162Grounding Sustainable Community Development in the Treadmill of Production164 Conclusion: Relationships in the Treadmill 172 Chapter Eight: TheSearch for Sustainable Community Development: Final Notes and Thoughts 176The Political Economy of Solid Waste Management 176 Critical Social Science:Power, Education, Community, and Politics 179 The Economic Geography ofWaste: Generalizing beyond Chicago and beyond Recycling 195 FinalReflections 199 References 203 Index 217