内容

目次

Acknowledgments ix CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 Some Central Concepts 3Density and concentration 3 Size and small-firm networks 4 Organizations orcapitalism 6 Noneconomic organizations 7 Power 8 Culture and other shapersof society 9 Organizations as the independent variable 10 What DoOrganizations Do? 12 What Kind of Organizations? 16 Alternative Theories 17Conclusion 19 CHAPTER 2: Preparing the Ground 22 Communities, Markets,Hierarchies, and Networks 22 Community 23 The market direction 25 Towardhierarchy and networks 28 The Legal Revolution that Launched Organizations31 Fear of corporations 33 What organizations need to be able to do 35Making capitalism corporate 36 Capitalism to Corporate Capitalism 40Lawyers: "The Shock Troops of Capitalism" 43 CHAPTER 3: Toward Hierarchy:The Mills of Manayunk 48 Getting the Factory Going: The Role of LaborControl 48 The first mill-a workhouse 50 To mechanize or not? 51 SocialConsequences 53 Labor Policies and Strikes 58 Organizations and Religion 60From Working Classes to a Working Class 61 The politics of class 62Conclusion 63 CHAPTER 4: Toward Hierarchy and Networks 65 Lowell and theBoston Associates 65 Wage dependence and labor control 65 Lowell I: Thebenign phase 67 Profits and market control 69 Lowell II: The exploitivephase 70 Explaining the First Modern Business 75 Structural constraints 77The Slater Model 79 Toward Networks with the Philadelphia Model 81 Whencapital counts 82 Philadelphia's large mills 84 Size and technology 86Networks of Firms 88 Labor conflict 90 Externalities 90 The Decline ofTextile Firms 92 Summary 94 CHAPTER 5: Railroads, the Second Big Business96 Railroads in France, Britain, and the United States: The OrganizationalLogic 102 France 104 Britain 108 The importance of the railroads 111 WhyWere the Railroads Unregulated and Privatized? 113 The efficiency argument115 Historical institutionalism 117 Historical institutionalism assessed122 The neoinstitutionalist account 123 The organization interest account127 The details 129 Self-interested opposition to the railroads 139Corruption Observed but Not Interpreted 141 Evidence from the public record,and the outcry 144 Scholars explain corruption 151 Summary and Conclusions157 CHAPTER 6: The Organizational Imprinting 160 Making the Railroads Work160 Divisionalization 161 Finance takes charge 162 Inevitable, or a chancepath? 165 Contracting out 166 Leadership Style and Worker Welfare 173 Workin general 175 Nationalization and Centralization: The Final Spike 179Organizational versus political interpretations 180 Where did the money comefrom? 183 Regionalization versus Nationalization 186 The debate over theethos 187 A political or an organizational interpretation of the struggle?192 Was Regionalism Viable? 194 Concentrating Capital and Power 196 Thecorporate form triumphs 197 Explaining the arrival of the corporate form 201An organizational agency account 204 Summary and Conclusions 212 CHAPTER7: Summary and Conclusions 217 Appendix Alternative Theories WhereOrganizations Are the Dependent Variable 229 Notes 237 Bibliography 243Index 251