内容

目次

Preface xi Chapter 1: Sexual Conflict in Nature 1 1.1 Evolving Viewsof Sex and Reproduction 2 1.2 Sexually Antagonistic Selection and SexualConflict 6 1.2.1 Intralocus Sexual Conflict 7 1.2.2 Interlocus SexualConflict 10 1.3 Aims and Scope 11 Chapter 2: Sexual Selection and SexualConflict: History,Theory,and Empirical Avenues 14 2.1 Darwin 's Views onSexual Selection 14 2.2 The Fisher Process 18 2.3 Indicator,or GoodGenes,Mechanisms 22 2.4 The Male Trait 25 2.5 Direct Benefits 26 2.6Preexisting Biases and the Origin of the Preference 27 2.7 Sexual Conflict29 2.7.1 Parker's Initial Models of Sexual Conflict 30 2.7.2 Genetic Models31 2.7.3 Phenotype-Dependent and Phenotype-Independent Costs 34 2.7.4Nonequilibrium Models 35 2.8 Sexual Conflict Set in the Framework of SexualSelection 35 2.9 The Roles of the Sexes in Sexual Conflict 38 2.10Empirical Approaches to the Study of Sexual Conflict 40 Chapter 3: SexualConflict Prior to Mating 44 3.1 The Economy of Mating and the Evolution ofResistance 45 3.1.1 Direct Costs of Mating 45 3.1.2 Costs of Low MateQuality 46 3.1.3 Costs of Resisting Mating 47 3.1.4 Costs to Females as aSide Effect of Male-Male Competition 48 3.1.5 Sexual Conflict and theEvolution of Sexual Cannibalism by Females 50 3.1.6 Sexual Conflict and theEvolution of Infanticide by Males 53 3.2 Adaptations for Persistence andResistance 55 3.2.1 Harassment and Resistance 57 3.2.2 Grasping Traits 603.2.3 Antigrasping Traits and Other Forms of Resistance 68 3.2.4Exploitation of Sensory Biases 71 3.2.5 Convenience Polyandry 77 3.3 SexualConflict and Sexual Selection 78 3.4 Mate "Screening" and Other AlternativeExplanations for Resistance Traits 80 3.5 Case Studies in SexuallyAntagonistic Coevolution 83 3.5.1 Diving Beetles 83 3.5.2 Water Striders 843.5.3 Bedbugs 87 Chapter 4: Sexual Conflict after Mating 92 4.1 FemaleReproductive Effort and the Conflicting Interests of the Sexes 96 4.1.1Seminal Substances with Gonadotropic Effects 97 4.1.2 Nuptial Feeding 1024.1.3 Male Display Traits 103 4.2 Female Mating Behavior, Sperm Competition,and the Conflicting Interests of the Sexes 106 4.2.1 Male DefensiveAdaptations and Sexual Conflict 107 4.2.1.1 Costs of Delaying Remating inFemales 111 4.2.1.2 Female Costs as Side Effects 116 4.2.1.3 Female Costsas a Direct Target of Male Strategies 118 4.2.2 Male Offensive Adaptationsand Sexual Conflict 121 4.2.2.1 Sperm Competition and Aggressive Ejaculates121 4.2.2.2 Direct Costs, Polyspermy, and Female Infertility 122 4.2.2.3Indirect Costs and Deleterious Matings 128 4.2.2.4 Conflicts over CrypticFemale Choice 129 4.3 Conflicts over the Duration of Mating 132 4.3.1 Maleand Female Adaptations 135 4.4 Postmating Conflicts and Male-FemaleCoevolution 139 4.5 Elaborated Male Ejaculates: Nuptial Gifts or MedeaGifts? 140 4.6 Are Male Postmating Adaptations Costly to Females? 146 4.7It Takes Two to Tango: Sexually Antagonistic Coevolution in Fruit Flies 149Chapter 5: Parental Care and Sexual Conflict 156 5.1 The Basic Conflict 1565.2 Mate Desertion 158 5.2.1 Conflict over Care and Desertion in UniparentalSpecies 158 5.2.2 Never Trust a Penduline Tit! 160 5.3 "Partial "MateDesertion and Sexual Conflict over the Mating System in Biparental Species164 5.4 Sexual Conflict over the Relative Amount of Care in BiparentalMonogamous Species 170 5.5 The Dunnock: Family Life in Cambridge UniversityBotanic Garden 174 Chapter 6: Other Implications of Sexual Conflict 179 6.1The Evolution of Genomic Imprinting 179 6.2 Sexual Conflict, Sex Ratios, andSex Allocation 183 6.3 Dueling Worms and Stabbing Snails: Sexual Conflictwithin Hermaphrodites 185 6.3.1 Premating Conflict in Hermaphrodites 1876.3.2 Postmating Conflict in Hermaphrodites 190 6.3.3 Sexual Selection andAntagonistic Coevolution in Hermaphrodites 192 6.3.4 The Love Dart inSnails--A Shot at Paternity? 196 6.4 Sexual Conflict in Plants 200 6.5Sexual Conflict, Speciation, and Extinction 203 6.5.1 Sexual Conflict as anEngine of Evolutionary Divergence 207 6.5.2 Population Crosses--InferringProcess from Pattern 210 6.6 Sexual Conflict and Sex Chromosomes 212Chapter 7: Concepts and Levels of Sexual Conflict 216 7.1 Levels of Analysis216 7.2 Resolution of Sexual Conflict 219 7.3 Winners and Losers of SexualConflict? 220 7.4 Sexual Conflict over the Control of Interactions 222 7.5The Intensity of Sexual Conflict 223 7.6 Sexual Conflict over Mate Choice224 Chapter 8: Concluding Remarks 226 References 229 Author Index 305Subject Index 321