内容

目次

Preface Judit M. Pap, Peter Fox! Claus Frohlich, Hugh S. Hudson, Jeffrey Kuhn, John McCormack, Gerald North, William Sprigg, and S. I Wu vii Section 1. Fundamentals  1 Section 1. Fundamentals of the Solar Interior and Atmosphere Jeffrey R. Kuhn and John McCormack 3 Long–Term Solar Variability: Evolutionary Time Scales Richard R. Radick  5 Solar Variability Caused by Structural Changes of the Convection Zone S. Sofia and L. H. Li 15 Theoretical Models of Solar Magnetic Variability Manfred Schussler and Dieter Schmitt 33 Global Magnetic–Field Reversal in the Corona Boon Chye Low and Mei Zhang 51 Fundamentals of the Earth1s Atmosphere and Climate Joanna D. Haigh 65 Section 2. Solar Energy Flux Variations 83 Section 2. Solar Energy Flux Variations Hugh S. Hudson 85 Mechanisms of Solar Irradiance Variations J. R. Kuhn and J. D. Armstrong 87 Solar Irradiance Variability Claus Frohlich 97 Measurement of the Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance Gary Rottman, Linton Floyd, and Rodney Viereck 111 Solar Extreme Ultraviolet and X–ray Irradiance Variations Tom Woods, Loren W Acton, Scott Bailey, Frank Eparvier, Howard Garcia, Darrell judge, judith Lean, John I Mariska, Don McMullin, Gerhard Schmidtke, Stanley C. Solomon, W Kent Tobiska, Harry R. Warren, and Rodney Viereck 127 Solar Activity and Irradiance Variations Peter Fox  141 Solar Irradiance Reference Spectra Gerard Thuillier, Linton Floyd, Thomas N. Woods, Richard Cebula, Ernest Hilsenrath, Michel Herse, and Dietrich Labs  171 Solar Energetic Particle Variations David Lario and George M. Simnett  195 Section 3. Solar Variability and Climate 217 Section 3. Solar Variability and Climate John P. McCormack and Gerald R. North 21 9 Long–Term Solar Variability and Climate Change Based on Radionuclide Data From Ice Cores Raiumund Muscheler, jiirg Beer, and Peter W Kubik 221 Solar and Climatic Implications of the Centennial and Millennial Periodicities in Atmospheric L114C Variations Paul E. Damon and Alexei N. Peristykh 237 Detecting the ll–year Solar Cycle in the Surface Temperature Field G. R. North, Q. WU, and M. J. Stevens 251 Has the Sun Changed Climate? Modeling the Effect of Solar Variability on Climate Michael E. Schlesinger and Natalia G. Andronova 261 Effects of Solar UV Variability on the Stratosphere Lon L. Hood 283 The Effect of Solar Proton Events on Ozone and Other Constituents Charles H. Jackman and Richard D. McPeters 305 Atmospheric Ionization and Clouds as Links Between Solar Activity and Climate Brian A. Tinsley and Fangqun Yu 321 Impact of Solar EUV, XUV, and X–Ray Variations on Earth1s Atmosphere Tim Fuller–Rowell, Stan Solomon, Ray Roble, and Rodney Viereck 341 Section 4. Science Requirements and Required Future Measurements 355 Science Requirements and Required Future Measurements William Sprigg and Judit M. Pap 357