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List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Notes on Contributors x Acknowledgments xvi General Introduction Applied Linguistics: Subject to Discipline? 1 Alan Davies and Catherine Elder Part I Linguistics-Applied (L-A) 17 Introduction to Part I 19Alan Davies Section 1 1 Language Descriptions 25Anthony J. Liddicoat and Timothy J. Curnow 2 Lexicography 54Alan Kirkness Section 2 3 Second Language Acquisition and Ultimate Attainment 82David Birdsong 4 Language Corpora 106Michael Stubbs 5 Discourse Analysis 133Hugh Trappes-Lomax Section 3 6 British Sign Language 165Rachel Sutton-Spence and Bencie Woll 7 Assessing Language Attitudes: Speaker Evaluation Studies 187Howard Giles and Andrew C. Billings 8 Language Attrition 210Monika S. Schmid and Kees de Bot 9 Language, Thought, and Culture 235Claire Kramsch 10 Conversation Analysis 262Rod Gardner Section 4 11 Language and the Law 285John Gibbons 12 Language and Gender 304Susan Ehrlich 13 Stylistics 328John McRae and Urszula Clark Section 5 14 Language and Politics 347John E. Joseph 15 World Englishes 367Kingsley Bolton Section 6 16 The Philosophy of Applied Linguistics 397Kanavillil Rajagopalan Part II Applied-Linguistics (A-L) 421 Introduction to Part II 423Catherine Elder Section 7 17 The Native Speaker in Applied Linguistics 431Alan Davies 18 Language Minorities 451John Edwards 19 Research Methods for Applied Linguistics: Scope, Characteristics, and Standards 476James Dean Brown Section 8 20 Second Language Learning 501William Littlewood 21 Individual Differences in Second Language Learning 525Rod Ellis 22 Social Influences on Language Learning 552Gary Barkhuizen 23 Literacy Studies 576Eddie Williams Section 9 24 Fashions in Language Teaching Methodology 604Bob Adamson 25 Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) 623Paul Gruba 26 Language Teacher Education 649Richard Johnstone 27 The Practice of LSP 672Helen Basturkmen and Catherine Elder 28 Bilingual Education 695Heather Lotherington Section 10 29 Language Maintenance 719Anne Pauwels 30 Language Planning as Applied Linguistics 738Joseph Lo Bianco 31 Language Testing 763Tim McNamara Section 11 32 Critical Applied Linguistics 784Alastair Pennycook Index 808