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Acknowledgements List of Contributors Introduction Part I: Policy-making 1. The United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council Donald Fitzpatrick 2. The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Chris Mensah 3. The United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Development Programme Alexander Timoshenko and Mark Berman 4 .The Conferences of Parties to Environmental Treaties Jacob Werksman Part II: Trade 5. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Mehmet Arda 6. The World Trade Organization and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Zen Makuch 7. The North American Free Trade Association Aradhana Kumar, Jean Milner and Annie Petsonk Part III: Finance 8. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund Korinna Horta 9. The Global Environment Facility Helen Sjoberg 10. National Environmental Funds Kyle Danish Part IV: Regional Institutions 11. The European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Hun Somsen 12. The South Pacific Region Wayne King and Vanessa C J Goad Part V: Avoiding and Settling Disputes 13. The International Court of Justice and the European Court of Justice Philippe Sands 14. New Institutions and Procedures for Implementation Control and Reaction Martti Koskenniemi Part VI: Environmental NGOs and International Institutions 15. The Role of Non-State Actors Hilary French Notes and References Appendices Appendix 1: Agenda 21 (extract) Appendix 2: A Guide to International Institutions on the Internet Index