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VOLUME I: Three Biographical Responses Introduction Chronology of Twain's Life Bibliography: Twain's Major Works Bibliography: The Critical Response Chronological List of Criticism Included Acknowledgements WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticisms, (New York, London, 1910) ALBERT BIGELOW PAINE, Mark Twain: A Bior;raphy, The Personal and Literary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 3 vols (New York and London, 1912) CLARACLEMENS, MyFather, Mark Twain, (NewYorkand London, 1931) VOLUME II: Contemporary Reviews; Creative Writers' Responses The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrim's Progress (1869) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Nation, IX, 2 Sept. 1869, pp. 194-5 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Packard's Monthly, II, Oct. 1869, pp.318-19 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Buffalo Express, 16 Oct. 1869 TOM FOLIO, Evening Transcript, (Boston), 15 Dec. 1869, p. 1 WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Innocents Abroad', Atlantic Monthly, XXIV, Dec. 1869, pp. 764-6 BRET HARTE, Overland Monthly, IV,Jan. 1870, pp. 100-1 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2239, 24 Sept. 1870, 395-6 ANONYMOL'S REVIEW, Saturday Review, (London), XXX, 8 Oct. 1870,pp.467-8 Roughing It (1872) ANONYMOL'S REVIEW, 'Uncivilised America', Manchester Guardian, 6 March 1872, p. 7 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Overland Monthly, VIIl,June 1872, pp.580-1 \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, Atlantic Monthly, XXIX,June 1872, 48-9 The GildedAge (1873) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Novels of the Week', The Athenaeum, No.2411, l0Jan. 1874,p.53 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Graphic, (London), IX, 28 Feb. 1874, p. 199 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'The Gilded Age', Old and New, (Boston), IX, March 1874, pp. 386-8 \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Play from The Gilded Age', Atlantic Monthly,June 1875; reprinted in My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticisms, (New York and London, 1910), pp.115-19 Sketches, New and Old (1875) \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'Mark Twain's Sketches, New and Old', Atlantic Month{}; XXXVI, Dec. 1875, pp. 749-51 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'American Literature', The Saturday Review, (London), XLI, 29Jan. 1876, p. 154 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer', Atlantic A1onth{l; XXXVII, May 1876, pp. 621-2 .-\:'\'Ol\'YMOL'S RE\1EW, [Moncure D. Conway], The Examine,; 17June 1876, pp. 687-8 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2539, 24June 1876, p.851 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Times, 28 Aug. 1876, p. 4 ANONThfOUSREVIEW, New York Times, 13Jan. 1877, p. 3 A Tramp Abroad (1880) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Saturday Review, XLIX, 17 April 1880, 514-15 ANONYMOUS REVIEW [William Ernest Henley], The Athenaeum, No. 2739, 24 April 1880, pp. 529-30 WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, The Atlantic Monthly, XLV, May 1880, pp.686 8 The Prince and the Pauper (1881-2) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2826, 24 Dec. 1881, p.849 ANONYMOUS REVIEW [H. H. Boyesen], 'Mark Twain's New Departure', The Atlantic Monthly, XLVIII, Dec. 1881, pp.843-5 E. PURCELL, The Academy, XX, 24 Dec. 1881, p. 469 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Century Magazine, XXIII, March 1882, 783-4 The Stolen White Elephant (1882) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2852, 24June 1882, p.795 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Graphic, XXVI, 15July 1882, p. 62 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Westminster Review, ns LXII, Oct. 1882, 576 7 Life on the Mississippi (1883) LAFCADIO HEARN, Times Democrat, (New Orleans), 30 May 1882,p.4 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2901, 2June 1883, 694-5 ROBERT BROWN, The Academy, XXIV, 28July 1883, p. 58 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Graphic, XXVIII, 1 Sept. 1883, p. 231 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884-5) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2983, 27 Dec. 1884, p.855 ANONYMOUS REVIEW [Brander Matthews], Saturday Review, LIX,31Jan. 1885,pp.153-4 ANONYMOUS REVIEW [Robert Bridges], 'Mark Twain's Blood-curdling Humor', Life, V, 26 Feb. 1885, p. 119 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Modern Comic Literature', Saturday Review, (London), LIX, 7 March 1885, pp. 301-2 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Westminster Review, ns LXVII, April 1885, 596 7 THOMAS SERGEANT PERRY, 'Mark Twain', Century Magazine, XXX, May 1885, pp. 171-2 VICTOR FISCHER, 'Huck Finn Reviewed: The Reception of HuckkberryFinnin the United States, 1885-97', American Literary Realism, 1870-1910, XVI, Spring, 1983, pp.1-57 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Sunday Herald, (Boston), 15 Dec. 1889, p.17 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Didactic Humorists', Speaker, I, 11Jan. 1890,pp.49-50 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Daily Tekgraph, (London), 13Jan. 1890 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Scot's Observer, VII, lJan. 1890, p. 10 WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, Harper's Monthly, LXXX,Jan. 1890, pp.319-21 DESMOND O'BRIEN, Truth, XXVII, 2Jan. 1890, p. 25 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3251, 15 Feb. 1890, p.211 54, ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Literary World, (Boston), XXI, 15 Feb, 1890,pp.52-3 WILLIAM T. STEAD, 'Mark Twain's New Book; A Satirical Attack on English Institutions', Review of Reviews I, Feb. 1890, pp.144-56 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Plumas National, (Quincy, California), 5July 1890, p. 2 　 　 　 The American Claimant (1892) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Academy, XLII, 29 Oct. 1892, p. 386 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Bookman, (London), III, Nov. 1892, p.60 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Spectator, (Supplement), No. 3360, Nov. 1892, p. 714 The £1,000,000 Bank-note (1893) ANONYMOUS REVIEWS, The Bookman, (London), IV,June 1893, p.91 GEORGE SAINTSBURY, The Academy, XLIV, 8 July 1893, p. 28 The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894) ANONYMOUS REVIEW [William Livingston Alden], 'The Book Hunter', The Idler, VI, Aug. 1894, pp. 213-24 62. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 3508, 19Jan. 1895, pp. 83-4 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Critic, XXVI, 11 May 1895, pp. 338-9 Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3474, 26 May 1894, p.676 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Bookman, (London) ,June 1894, pp. 89-90 E. K. CHAMBERS, The Academy, XLVI, 14July 1894, p. 27 Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896) WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'Joan of Arc', Harper's Weekly, XLI, 30 May 1896, pp. 335-9 WILLIAM PETERFIELD TRENT, 'Mark Twain as an Historical Novelist', The Bookman, (New York), III, May 1896, pp. 207-10 　 　 　 Tom Sawyer Detective, and Other Tales (1896) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Academy, LI, 2Jan. 1897, p.18 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3617, 20 Feb. 1897, p.244 Following the Equator, or More Tramps Abroad (1897) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Facts versus Fun', The Academy, Lil, 11 Dec. 1897, pp. 519-20 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Speaker, XVI, 11 Dec. 1897, p. 671 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Saturday Review (London), LXXXV, 29Jan. 1898,p.153 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Critic, XXXII, 5 Feb. 1898, pp. 89-90 HIRAMM. STANLEY, The Dial, XXIV, 16 March 1898, pp.186-7 The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg, and Other Stories (1900) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Mark's New Way: The Afan that Corrupted Hadleyburg', The Academy, LIX, 29 Sept. 1900, pp. 258-9 ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Mark Twain's Aftermath: The Man that CorruptedHadleyburg', The Outlook, VI, 29 Sept., 1900, p. 280 WILLIAM ARCHER, 'The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg- 'A New Parable', The Critic, XXXVII, Nov. 1900, pp. 413-15 A Double-barrelled Detective Story (1902) ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Saturday Review, (London), XCIV, 2 Aug. 1902, p.147 ANONYMOUSRE\'IEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3901, 2 Aug. 1902, p.152 Extracts from Adam's Diary (1904) ANOl\'YMOCS RE\'IEW [Harry Thurston Peck], 'Mark Twain at Ebb Tide', The Bookman, (New York), XIX, May 1904, pp. 235-6 .-\NOl\'ThlOCS RE\'IEW, 'Mark Twain's Latest', The Spertat01; XCII, 11June 1904, pp. 925-6 King Leopold's Soliloquy (1905) At\'ONYMOL'SREVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 4153, ljune 1907, p.664 ANONYMOL'SREVIEW, Punch, CXXXII, 19June 1907, p. 451 ANONYMOL'SREVIEW, The Bookman, (London), XXXII,July 1907, p. 150 What is Man? (1906) JOHN ADAMS, 'Mark Twain as Psychologist', The Bookman, (London), XXXIX, March 1911, pp. 270-2 Is Shakespeare Dead? (1909) H. L. MENCKEN, Smart Set, XXVIII, Aug. 1909, p.157 Extract From Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven ( 1909) ANONYMOUS REVIEW,' Captain Stonnfield's Visit to Heaven', The Literary Digest, XL, lJan. 1910, p. 33 Mark Twain's Autobiography (1924) At\'ONYMOl!S REVIEW, 'Mark Twain's Autobiography', The Times LiterarJ SupjJlement, 6 Nov. 1924, p. 701 LEONARD WOOU 'The World of Books', The Nation & The Athenaeurn, XXXVI, 8 Nov. 1924, p. 217 The Florida Edition of Mark Twain (1925) LEONARD WOOLF, 'The World of Books', The Nation & The Athenaeum', XXXVI, 26 Sept. 1925, p. 765 Creative Writers' Responses HENRY ADAMS, Letter to Elizabeth Cameron, 8 April 190 l; in Worthington Chauncey Ford (ed.), Letters of HenrJ Adams, (Boston and New York, 1938), pp. 326-7 SHERWOOD ANDERSON, Letters to Van Wyck Brooks, April 1918-July 1923; in Howard Mumford Jones (ed.), Letters of Sherwood Anderson, (Kraus Reprint, New York, 1969), pp. 30-47, 104 MATTHEW ARNOLD, 'A Word About America'; in Civilisation in the United States: First and Last Impressions, (Boston, 1888), pp. 91-2 W.H.AUDEN, 'Huck and Oliver', TheListener,L,Oct.1953, pp. 540-1 CHARLIE REILLY, 'An Interview with John Barth', Contemporary Literature, XXII, Winter, 1981, pp.1-23 ARNOLD BENNETT, Comment on Mark Twain, Bookman, (London), XXXVIII,June 1910, p.118 WALTER BESANT, 'My Favourite Novelist and His Best Book', Munsey's Magazine, XVIII, Feb. 1898, pp. 659-64 CAREYMcWILLIAMS, Abrose Bierce: A Biography, (Archon Books, 1967), p. 88 MALCOLM BRADBURY, 'Mark Twain in the Gilded Age', The Critical Quarterly, XI, Spring, 1969, pp. 65-73 GEORGE WASHINGTON CABLE, Speech at the Memorial Service for Mark Twain, 30 November 1910, Proceedings of the American Academy and Nationallnstitute (1911), pp. 21-4 G.K.CHESTERTON, 'Mark Twain', T. P.'s Weekly, 19April 1910, pp.535-6 DAVID LEON HIGDON, 'Conrad and Mark Twain: A Newly Discovered Essay', journal of Modern Literature, XII,July 1985, pp. 354-61 THEODORE DREISER, 'Mark the Double Twain', English journal, XXIV, Oct. 1935, pp. 615-26 T. s. ELIOT, Introduction to Huck/,eberryFinn, The Cresset Press, (London, 1950), pp. vii-xvi. 'American Literature and the American Language', an Address delivered at Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 9June 1953; reprinted in To Criticize the Critic and Other Writings, (London, 1965), pp. 43-60 RALPH ELLISON, 'The Seer and the Seen' (1946); 'Change the Joke and Slip the Yoke' (1958); 'Some Questions and Some Answers' (1958). All reprinted in Shadow and Act, (New York, 1964),pp.24-44,45-59,261-72 JAMEST.FARRELL, 'MarkTwain'sHuck/,eberryFinnand Tom Sawyer', The League of Frightened Philistines and Other Papers, (New York, 1945), pp. 25-30 109. WILLIAM FAULKNER, 'Classroom Statements at the University of Mississippi' (1947); 'Interviews in Japan' (1955); in James B. Meriwether and Michael Millgate (eds), Lion in the Garden: Interviews with WilliamFaulkner, 1926-1962, (NewYork, 1968), ll0. pp.56, 137 F. SCOTT FITZGERALD, '10 Best Books I Have Read',Jersey City 　 Journal (24 April 1923); [The Centenary of Mark Twain's Birth, 1935], Fitzgerald Newsletter, No. 8, Winter, 1960; Letter to Morton Kroll, (9 Aug. 1939), Andrew Turnbull (ed.), The ll 1. Letters ofF Scott Fitzgerald, (London, 1964), p. 593 HAMLIN GARIAND, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North American 　 　 112. Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 833-4 HENRYHARIAND, 'Mark Twain', Daily Chronicle, (London), 　 ll Dec. 1899 ll 3. JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS,Julia Collier Harris, The Life and 114. Letters ofJoel Chandler Harris, (London, 1919), pp. 168-9 ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Green Hills of Africa, (New York, 1935), 　 　 115. pp. 22-3 LANGSTON HUGHES, 'Introduction' to Pudd'nhead Wilson, 　 (Bantam Books, New York, 1959), pp. vii-xiii 116. WILLIAMJAMES, Letter toJosiah Royce, 18 Dec. 1892; Letter to Francis Boot, 30Jan. 1893; Letter to HenryJames and WilliamJames,Jr, Feb. 1907, HenryJames (ed.), The Letters of William]ames, (Boston, 1920), I, pp. 333, 341-2, II, p. 264 117. RUDYARD KIPLING, 'An Interview with Mark Twain', From Sea to Sea, (London, 1900), pp. 182-98 118. D. H. LAWRENCE, 'Max Havelaar, by E. D. Dekker (Multatuli, pseud.) ', Edward D. McDonald (ed.), Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers ofD. H. Lawrence, (London, 1936), pp. 236-9 ll9. VACHEL LINDSAY, 'The Raft', The Chinese Nightingale and Other Poems, (New York, 1917), pp. 71-4 120. NORMAN MAILER, 'Huck Finn, Alive at 100', The New York Times 121. Book Review, LXXXIX, 9 Dec. 1984, pp. 1, 36-7 EDGAR LEE MASTERS, Mark Twain: A Portrait, (New York, 1938), 　 pp.85-102,240-2 122. W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM, 'The Classic Books of America', The Saturday Evening Post, 6 Jan. 1940, pp. 29, 64-6 123. H. L. MENCKEN, 'The Burden of Humor', Smart Set, Feb. 1913, pp.151-4; 'The Man Within', Smart Set, Oct. 1919, pp.139-43 124. WRIGHT MORRIS, 'The Available Past: Mark Twain', The Territory Ahead: Critical Interpretations of American Literature, (New York, 1958), pp. 79-90; Foreword to Pudd'nhead Wilson, (New American Library, New York, 1964), pp. vii-xvii GEORGE ORWELL, 'Mark Twain-The Licensed Jester', Tribune, 26 Nm·. 1943 \'. S. PRITCHETT, 'Books in General', New Statesman and Nation, CXIII, 2Aug. 1941, p.113 BERNARD SHAW, 'Mark Twain and Joan of Arc', Preface to Stjoan, (New York, London, 1924), pp.xxv-xli UPTON SINClAIR, 'The Uncrowned King', Mammonart: An Essay in Eronomir Interpretation, (Pasadena, 1924), pp. 326-33 BOOTH TARKINGTON, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North American Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 830-1 ALLEN TATE, 'A Southern Mode of Imagination', (1959), Essays a/Four Decades, (Chicago, 1968), pp. 577-92 BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North American Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 828-30 THOl'vU\.S WOLFE, Letter to Sherwood Anderson, 22 Sept. 1937, Elizabeth Nowell (ed.), Selected Letters of Thomas Wolfe, (London, 1958),pp.283-6 ROBERT PE"1N WARREN, 'Mark Twain', The Southern Review, VIII, Summer, 1972, pp. 459-92 HERMAN \.\'OUK, 'America's Voice is Mark Twain's', San Francisco Chronicle, 5 Aug. 1956, p. 20 VOLUME III: Critical Essays 'The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County' (1867) S.J. KRAUSE, 'The Art and Satire of Twain's 'Jumping Frog" Story', American Quarterl); XVI, Winter, 1964, pp. 562-76. EDGAR M. BRANCH, '"My Voice is still for Setchell": A Background Study of 'Jim Smiley and hisJumping Frog"', PMLA, LXXXII, December 1967, pp. 591-601 The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrim's Progress (1869) LESLIE:\. FIEDLER, 'An American Abroad', Partisan Review, XXXIII, \'\'inter, 1966, pp. 77-91 ROBERT EDSON LEE, From Hes/ to East: Studies in the Literature of the A.me1iran West, (Urbana and London, 1966), pp. 98-9 FORREST G. ROBI:S:SOl\, 'Patterns of Consciousness in The Innocents A.broad', A.11mira n Literature, L\1II, March 1986, pp. 46-63 Roughing It (1872) HENRY NASH SMITH, 'Mark Twain as an Interpreter of the Far West: The Structure of Roughing It'; in Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroebes (eds), The Frontier in Perspective, (Madison, 1957), pp. 206-27 LEE CLARK MITCHELL, 'Verbally Roughing It: The West of Words', Nineteenth Century Literature, XLIV, June 1989, pp.67-92 TOM H. TOWERS, '"Hateful Reality": The Failure of the Territory in Roughing It', Western American Literature, IX, May 1974,pp.3-15 The Gilded Age (1873) PHILIPS. FONER, 'The Gilded Age'; from Mark Twain Social Critic, (New York, 1958), pp. 110-34 JUSTIN D. KAPU\N, Introduction to The Gilded Age, (Washington Paperback Edition, Seattle and London, 1968) 'Old Times on the Mississippi' (1875) Life on the Mississippi (1883) PAUL SCHMIDT, 'River vs Town: Mark Twain's "Old Times on the Mississippi"', Nineteenth Century Fiction, XV,June 1960, pp.95-111 DEWEYGANZEL, 'Twain, Travel Books, and Life on the Mississippi', American Literature, XXXIV, March 1962, pp.40-55 MARILYN IANC-\STER, 'Twain's Search for Reality in Life on the MississipjJi, The Midwest Quarterly, XXXIII, Winter, 1992, pp. 210-21 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) HAMLIN L. HILL, 'The Composition and the Structure of Tom Sawyer', American Literature, XXXIl,Jan. 1961, pp. 379-92 BERNARD DEVOTO, 'The Phantasy of Boyhood: Tom Sawyer'; from Mark Twain at Work, (Cambridge, Mass., 1942), pp. 3-24 TOM H. TOWERS, '"I Never Thought We Might Want to Come Back": Strategies of Transcendence in Tom Sawyer', Modern Fiction Studies, XXI, Winter, 1975, pp. 509-20 CYNTHIA GRIFFIN WOLFF, 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: A Nightmare Vision of American Boyhood', The Massachusetts Review, XXI, Winter, 1980, pp. 637-52 The Prince and the Pauper (1881-2) FRANKLIN R. ROGERS, 'The Craft of the Novel'; from Mark Twain's Burlesque Patterns, (Dallas, 1960), pp. 113-27 ROBERT REGAN, 'Dreams and Glory'; from Unpromising Heroes: Mark Twain and His Characters, (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1966), pp. 143-54 LOUIS]. BL'DD, 'The Year of Jubilee'; from Our Mark Twain: The Making of His Public Personality, (Philadelphia, 1983), pp. 86-7 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884-5) LESLIE A. FIEDLER, 'Come Back to the RaftAg'in, Huck Honey!', Partisan Review, XV, June 1948, pp. 269-76 LIONEL TRILLING, Introduction to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, (Rinehart Editions, New York, 1948) LEO MARX, 'Mr Eliot, Mr Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn', The American Scholar, XXII, (Autumn, 1953), pp. 423-40 JAMES M. cox, 'Remarks on the Sad Initiation of Huckleberry Finn', Swanee Review, LXII,July-Sept. 1954, pp. 389-405 WILLIAM \'AN O'CONNOR, 'Why Huckleberry Finn is not the Great American Novel', College English, XVII, Oct. 1955, pp. 6-10 WALTER BLAIR, 'When Was Huckleberry Finn Written?', American Literature, XXX, March 1958, pp.1-25 LESLIE FIEDLER, 'Accommodation and Transcendence'; from Love and Death in the American Novel, (New York, 1960), pp.567-74 A. E. DYSON, 'Huckleberry Finn and the Whole Truth', Critical Quarter!); III, Spring, 1961, pp. 29-40 CHADV.1CKHANSEN, 'The Character of Jim and the Ending of Hucklebe,-ry Finn', The Massachusetts Review, V, Autumn, 1963, pp. 45-66 HAROLD BEA\'ER, 'Run, Nigger, Run: Adventures of HucklebenJ Finn as a FugitiYe SlaYe Narratiye' ,Journal of American Studies, \111, Dec. 1974, pp. 339-61 MILLICE:\'T BELL, 'HucklebenJFinn:journey Without End', Virginia Quarter(y Review, L\111, Spring, 1982, pp. 253-67 JOHN H. WAUACE, 'Huckl,eberry Finn is Offensive', Washingt,on Post, 11 April 1982 DAVID L. SMITH, 'Huck,Jim, and American Racial Discourse', Mark Twain journal, XXII, Fall, 1984, pp. 4-12 ARNOLD RAMPERSAD, 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Afro-American Literature', Mark Twainjournal, XXII, Fall, 1984,pp.47-52 'A Private History of a Campaign that Failed' (1885) J. STANLEY MATTSON, 'Mark Twain on War and Peace: The Missouri Rebel and 'The Campaign that Failed'", American Quarterly, XX, Winter, 1968, pp. 783-94 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) HOWARD G. BAETZHOLD, 'The Course of Composition of A Connecticut Yankee: A Reinterpretation', American Literature, XXXIII, May 1961, pp. 195-214 JUDITH FETTERLEY, 'Yankee Showman and Reformer: The Character of Mark Twain's Hank Morgan', Texas Studies in Language and Literature, XIV, Winter, 1973, pp. 667-79 RICHARD s. PRESSMAN, 'A Connecticut Yankee in Merlin's Cave. The Role of Contradiction in Mark Twain's Novel', American Literary Realism: 1870-1910, XVI, Autumn, 1983, pp. 58-72 The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894) LESLIE FIEDLER, 'As Free as Any Cretur .. .', The New Republic, CXXXIII, 15 Aug. 1955, pp. 17-18; 22 Aug. 1955, pp. 16-18. F. R. LEAVIS, Introduction to Zodiac Press Edition, (London, 1955) STANLEYBRODWIN, 'Blackness and the Adamic Myth in Mark Twain's Pudd 'nhead Wilson', Texas Studies in Literature and Language, XV, Spring, 1973, pp. 167-76 MYRAJEHLEN, 'The Ties that Bind: Race and Sex in Pudd 'nhead Wilson', American Literary History, II, Spring, 1990, pp. 39-55 Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896) ALBERT E. STONE,Jr, 'Mark Twain's Joan of Arc: The Child as Goddess', American Literature, XXXI, March 1959, pp.1-20 CHRISTINA ZWARG, 'Woman as Force in Twain's Joan of Arc: The Unwordable Fascination', Criticism, Winter, 1985, pp.57-72 Following the Equator, or More Tramps Abroad (1897) MAX'v\'ELLGEISMAR, 'Failure and Triumph'; in Mark Twain: An American Prophet, (Boston, 1970), pp. 165-87 'The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg' (1899) St:SAN K. HARRIS,' "Hadleyburg": Mark Twain's Dual Attack on Banal Theology and Banal Literature', American Literary Realism; 1870-1910, XVI, Autumn, 1983, pp. 240-52 What is Man? (1906) SHERWOOD CUMMINGS, 'What is Man?: The Scientific Sources'; in Sydney]. Krause (ed.), Essays on Determinism in American Literature (Kent State University Press, 1964), pp. 108-16 The Mysterious Stranger (1916) STANLEYBRODWIN, 'Mark Twain's Masks of Satan: The Final Phase', American Literature, XLV, May 1973, pp. 206-27 　 　 VOLUME IV: Twentieth-century Overview The First Decade \\lLLIAl\l LYO:-- PHELPS, ''.\fark Twain', Xorth A111e1ican Review, CLXXX\',July 1907. pp. 540-8 STUARTP. SHERMAN, 'Mark Twain', Nation, XC, May 1910, pp.477-80 ARCHIBALD HENDERSON, 'The International Fame of Mark Twain', North American Review, CXCII, Dec. 1910, pp. 805-15 The Brooks-DeVoto Controversy VAN \WCK BROOKS, The Ordeal of Mark Twain, (New York, 1920; revised, 1933) BERNARD DEVOTO, Mark Twain's America, (Boston, 1932) The Frontier and the West CARL VANDOREN, 'The Fruits of the Frontier', Nation, CXI, Aug. 1920, p. 189 VERNONL. PARRINGTON, 'The Backwash of the Frontier'; from The Begi,nnings of Critical Realism, (New York, 1930), pp. 86-101 GRANVILLE HICKS, 'A Banjo on My Knee'; from The Great Tradition, (New York, 1933), pp. 39-49 ROBERT EDSON LEE, 'From West to East: Mark Twain'; from .From West to East: Studies in the Literature of the American West, (Urbana and London, 1966), pp. 82-6 STEPHEN FENDER, ''The Prodigal in a Far Country Chawing of Husks": Mark Twain's Search for a Style in the West', The Modern Language Review, LXXI, Oct. 1976, pp. 737-56 Mark Twain's Humour CONSTANCE ROURKE, from Native American Humor, (New York, 1931), pp. 211-20 JOHN c. GERBER, 'Mark Twain's Use of the Comic Pose', PMLA, LXXVII,June 1962, pp. 297-304 HENRY NASH SMITH, 'Two Ways of Viewing the World'; from Mark Twain: the Development of a Writer, (Cambridge, Mass., 1962),pp.1-11,20-1 D. E. S. MAXWELL, 'Twain as Satirist'; from American.Fiction: The InteUectual Background, (London, 1963), pp. 192-235 JAMES M. COX, Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor; (Princeton, New Jerse 1966),pp.18-24,60-7, 75,80-1, 103-4, 195-7 The South, Slavery and Race ARLIN TURNER, 'Mark Twain and the South: An Affair of Love and Anger', The Southern Review, IV, April 1968, pp. 493-519 ARTHUR G. PETTIT, 'Mark Twain's Attitude Towards the Negro in the West, 1861-67', The Western Historical Quarterly, 1,Jan. 1970,pp.51-62 ARTHUR G. PETTIT, 'Mark Twain and the Negro',]ournal of Negro Histor); LVI, April 1971, pp. 88-96 ARTHCR G. PETTIT, 'From Stage Nigger to Mulatto Superman: The End of Nigger Jim and the Rise of Jasper'; from Mark Twain and the South, (Lexington, 1974), pp.158-73, 210-12 HELEN L. HARRIS, 'Mark Twain's Response to the Native American', American Literature, XLVI,Jan. 1975, pp. 495-505 Mark Twain and Sexuality ALEXA1..\;DER E.JOKES, 'Mark Twain and Sexuality', PMlA, LXXI, Sept. 1956, pp. 595-616 　 　 Mark Twain and Language DA\1D R. SE\\'ELL, '"A Lot of Rules": Mark Twain and Grammar'; from ivlark Twain's Languages: Discourse, Dialogue and Linguistir Variet); (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1987), pp. 15-36 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Towards Conclusions GL.illYS CARMEi\: BELL\MY, 'The Four "Bases" of Mark Twain's Mind'; from ivlark Twain as a Litrrary Artist, (Norman, Oklahoma, 1950), pp. 55-64 RICHARD CHASE, 'Mark Twain and the :\Tove!'; from The A.merimn Novel and Its Tradition, (New York, 1957), pp. 139-56 DWIGHT MACDONALD, 'Mark Twain: An Lnsentimental Journey', The New forlw; XXX\1, 9 April 1960, pp. 160-96; reprinted in Against the Amerimn Grain, (:--;ew York, 1962), pp.80-122 1-l.\ ILI'.':HILL, ,\lark Twain: Cod'.,Fool, (:--;ewYork, 1973), pp. xxv-xnii, 42-3, 77, 84-5, 89-90. 136-7, 269-74 Al.FRED KAZIN, 'Creature of Circumstances: Mark Twain'; from An American Procession, (New York, 1984), pp. 181-210 HAMLIN HILL, '½'ho Killed Mark Twain?', American Literary Realism, 1870-1910, VII, Spring, 1974, pp. 119-24