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Preface. CATALYST DEVELOPMENTS. Introduction. The Role of the "Tebbe Complex" in Olefin Metathesis. The Discovery and Development of High Oxidation State Mo and W Imido Alkylidene Complexes for Alkene Metathesis. From ill–defined to well–defined W alkylidene complexes. Discovery of Well–defined Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Synthesis of Ruthenium Carbene Complexes. ynthesis of Rhodium and Ruthenium Carbene Complexes with a 16–Electron Count. Mechanism of Ruthenium–Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis Reactions. Intrinsic Reactivity of Ruthenium Carbenes. The Discovery and Development of High Oxidation State Alkylidyne Complexes for Alkyne Metathesis .Well–defined Metallocarbenes and Metallocarbynes Supported on Oxide Support prepared via Surface Organometallic Chemistry .APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. Introduction. General Ring–Closing Metathesis. Catalytic Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis. Tandem RCM. Ene–Yne Metathesis. Ring Opening Cross Metathesis. Ring Expansion Metathesis Reactions. Olefin Cross–Metathesis. The Olefin Metathesis Reaction in Complex Molecule Construction. Applications of Ring Closing Metathesis to Alkaloid Synthesis. Radicicol and the Epothilones: Total Synthesis of Novel Anti Cancer Agents Using Ring Closing Metathesis. The Use of Olefin Metathesis in Combinatorial Chemistry: Supported and Chromatography–Free Syntheses. Metal–Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis in Metal Coordination Spheres. Alkyne Metathesis. Metathesis of silicon–containing olefins. Commercial Applications of Ruthenium Metathesis Processes. POLYMER SYNTHESIS. Introduction. Living Ring–Opening Olefin Metathesis Polymerization. Synthesis of Copolymers. Conjugated polymers. Stereochemistry of ROMP. Syntheses and Applications of Bioactive Polymers Generated by the Ring–Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). Metathesis Polymerization: A Versatile Tool for the Synthesis of Surface–Functionalized Supports and Monolithic Materials. Telechelic Polymers from Olefin Metathesis Methodologies. ADMET Polymerization. Acyclic Diyne Metathesis Utilizing in Situ Transition Metal Catalysts: An Efficient Access to Alkyne–Bridged Polymers. Polymerization of Substituted Acetylenes. Commercial Applications.