内容

目次

1. Introduction. Models and Measurements in the Study of Prosody.- 1.1 Concrete and Abstract Accounts of Prosody.- 1.2 Illustrating the Two Approaches.- 1.2.1 Intonation.- 1.2.2 Stress.- 1.3 Implications of the Two Approaches.- 1.4 The Contributions.- 1.5 The Purpose of an Interdisciplinary Volume.- 2. A Generative Model of Intonation.- 2.1 The Model.- 2.2 Application to Swedish, Greek and French.- 2.3 Comparison.- 2.3.1 Intonation and Boundaries.- 2.3.2 Accentuation.- 2.4 The Model Applied to Questions and Pragmatic Effects.- 3. Two Issues in the Prosody of Standard Danish.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Sentence Accent.- 3.3 The Representation of Sentence Intonation.- 3.3.1 The Tone Sequence Approach.- 3.3.2 Problems with the Tone Sequence Approach in Standard Danish.- 4. Peak Features and Overall Slope.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The Peak-Feature Model.- 4.2.1 Background.- 4.2.2 Some Details.- 4.3 Cross-Classification and Functional Relatedness.- 4.4 Peak Scaling and Declination.- 4.4.1 Declination in Questions.- 4.4.2 Declination and Downstep.- 4.4.3 Deviations from Regression Lines.- 4.5 Summary.- 5. Language-Independent Prosodic Features.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Language-Independent Similarities.- 5.2.1 Pauses.- 5.2.2 Fundamental Frequency Features.- a) The Declination Tendency.- b) Resetting of the Baseline.- c) Normal Frequency Range and the Control of Range.- d) Rising Versus Falling F0 Movements.- 5.2.3 Durational Features and Intensity Phenomena.- a) Final Lengthening.- b) Other Lengthening Phenomena.- 5.2.4 Intensity and the Syllable.- 5.3 Prosodic Differences Among Languages.- 5.3.1 Differences in Timing.- 5.3.2 Different Orders of Priorities.- 5.3.3 Different Relationships Between F0, Duration and Intensity.- 5.4 Conclusion.- 6. Prosodic Structure and the Given/New Distinction.- 6.1 The Given/New Distinction.- 6.2 Extensions of the Given/New Distinction.- 6.3 An Experimental Study of Intonation and Information Structure.- 6.3.1 The Data.- 6.3.2 Formal Realisations in the Data.- 6.4 Conclusion.- 7. Speakers’ Conceptions of the Function of Prosody.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 The Prosody of Repair.- 7.3 The Repair of Prosody.- 7.4 Conclusion.- 8. Structures and Categories in Prosodic Representations.- 8.1 Intonation and Universal Grammar.- 8.2 Phonetic Representations of Intonation.- 8.3 Phonological Representations.- 8.3.1 Phonological Tones.- 8.3.2 Phonological Structure.- 8.3.3 Underlying Tonal Representations.- 8.3.4 Phonetic Implementation.- 8.4 Conclusion.- 9. Temporal Predictability in the Perception of English Speech.- 9.1 Stress and Rhythm.- 9.2 P-Centres and Rhythm.- 9.3 Rhythm and Temporal Predictability.- 9.4 Modelling Rhythmic Structure.- 9.5 Summary.- 10. Prosodic Structure Above the Word.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Construction of Prosodic Categories.- 10.3 Intonation Phenomena.- 10.4 Ambiguity and Potential for Disambiguation.- 10.4.1 Syntactic Versus Prosodic Constituents, and the Resolution of Ambiguity.- 10.4.2 Perception Test.- a) Material.- b) Subjects.- c) Procedure.- d) Results.- 10.5 Conclusions.- 11. Comparative Notes on Terms and Topics in the Contributions.- 11.1 Accents.- 11.2 Domains.- 11.3 Grids.- 11.4 Lines.- 11.5 Tones.- References.- Name Index.