Recent biomedical research is directed at a new challenge to a microcosm of life and a deeper recognition of life by new technologies. Studies of the living body by new methods are a common idea, and new analytic methods havebeendevelopedtostudyobjectsthathavenotpreviouslybeenvisible. In Japan,thereareseveralgroupsthataredevelopingtherequirednewmethods. Thelatestphysicalapproachesareusedbythesegroups. Thisbookiswritten by the Japanese leaders in this ?eld for young biomedical researchers. Medical informatics, biological engineering, and computer analysis for the next generation strategy of biomedical research. New developments such as nanomachines and intelligent materials are also included in this book. We have paid attention to the mathematical recognition that was lacking in b- logicalandmedicalstudiestodevelopatheoryandtechnologyforbiofunction analysis. Five topics have been included in this book: photonics technology, ultrasonic techniques, solution of inverse problems, remote sensing and c- trol,andbiosensors. Thechapterswereorganizedbythefollowingresearchers: Satoshi Kawata, Professor at Osaka University, Department of Electric - gineering Postgraduate Course, for “photonic bio-information measurement and control”; Masatsugu Hori, Professor at Osaka University Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, for “development of - novative technology for ultrasonic diagnosis and treatment”; Hisashi Kado, Professor at Kanazawa University, for “development of magnetic source i- ging for clinical applications”; Kunihiko Mabuchi, Professor at the Univ- sity of Tokyo, International Industry–University Co-Operation Center, for “systemic research on sensing and information-processing techniques aimed at biological applications”; Eiichi Tamiya, Professor at Hokuriku Postg- duate Research Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department for “material science basic development to create the second-generation b- sensor”. This book contains many interesting topics.