内容

目次

List of tables.- List of figures.- 1 New challenges in technology development: the environmental problem.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Environmental problems.- 1.2.1 Environmental problems: From local to global.- 1.2.2 Solutions: From national to international.- 1.2.3 The technological option.- 1.3 The scientific response.- 1.3.1 The rise of environmental sciences.- 1.3.2 The interaction with economic sciences.- 1.4 The structure of this book.- A Theoretical part.- 2 Transport, technology and sustainable development.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Transport and the environment.- 2.2.1 Stratification within the transportation sector.- 2.2.2 The environmental concern.- 2.3 The technology card.- 2.3.1 Environmental technologies.- 2.3.2 The political setting.- 2.3.3 Two paradoxes.- 2.4 The concept of sustainable development.- 2.4.1 Linking the environment and economics.- 2.4.2 Risk and uncertainty.- 2.4.3 The need for an attitudinal change.- 3 The evolutionary theory of technology dynamics.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The evolutionary theory of technology dynamics.- 3.2.1 The relevance of technology forecasting.- 3.2.2 Technology; a definition.- 3.2.3 From macro-trends to micro-analysis.- 3.3 Critics of the modern theory.- 3.4 The relevance of technology dynamics for sustainable development and the transportation sector.- 3.4.1 Technological innovations and sustainable development.- 3.4.2 Technological innovations in the transport sector.- 3.5 Respecting heuristics; a new opportunity.- 4 Policy making in networks and alliances: implications for a sustainable technology policy.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Network management and public policy making.- 4.2.1 The crises in public policy.- 4.2.2 The concept of network management.- 4.2.3 Network management and steering.- 4.2.4 A new role for the government.- 4.2.5 Instruments.- 4.3 Network management and the private sector.- 4.3.1 Changing positions and performances.- 4.3.2 Strategic alliances as networks.- 4.4 Cooperation in networks.- 4.4.1 Networks and strategic cooperation.- 4.4.2 Network management and technology policy.- 4.4.3 Network management and sustainable development.- 5 Directing innovations in the transport sector: a synthesis.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Processes of change.- 5.2.1 The dynamic environment of innovations.- 5.3 Establishing a technology policy for transport and sustainable development.- 5.3.1 General policy requirements.- 5.3.2 Technology policy requirements.- 5.4 Towards a sustainably-sound technology policy for the transport sector: a strategy framework.- B Empirical part.- 6 Exploring trends and ‘weak signals’.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Global mobility patterns.- 6.2.1 Passenger transport.- 6.2.2 The development of freight transport.- 6.3 Expected trends and ‘weak signals’.- 6.3.1 Public policy perspective.- 6.3.2 Business perspective.- 6.3.3 Environmental perspective.- 6.3.4 Transportation perspective.- 6.4 Transportation - the environment - technological opportunities: a challenging future.- 7 The Maglev-technology.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Rail transport - the history of high speed trains.- 7.3 The potentials of the Maglev-technology.- 7.3.1 The state of development.- 7.3.2 Technical performance.- 7.3.3 Economic issues.- 7.3.4 Environmental impacts.- 7.4 An evaluation of the Maglev from the viewpoint of network management, technology dynamics and sustainable development.- 7.4.1 Actors and activities.- 7.4.2 The strategy framework.- 7.5 The Maglev: hype or technological revolution?.- 7.5.1 Prospects for motive power applications.- 7.5.2 The implementation gap.- 8 The Fuel-cell technology.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The historical context.- 8.2.1 The history of the fuel-cell.- 8.2.2 A competitive technology?.- 8.3 The potentials of fuel-cell technology.- 8.3.1 The state of development.- 8.3.2 Technical performance.- 8.3.3 Economic issues.- 8.3.4 Environmental impacts.- 8.4 An evaluation of the FC-technology from the viewpoint of network management, technology dynamics and sustainable development.- 8.4.1 Actors and activities.- 8.4.2 The strategy framework.- 8.5 The fuel-cell: a great future?.- 8.5.1 Prospects for motive power applications.- 8.5.2 The implementation strategy.- 9 Some conclusions and reflections.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Technology dynamics and networks.- 9.2.1 Sustainable development and objectives in the transport sector.- 9.2.2 The role of sustainability-oriented technologies in the transport sector and the meaning of the evolutionary theory of technology dynamics.- 9.2.3 The role of the government in generating sustainability oriented technologies.- 9.3 Defining a Window of Technological Opportunity (WTO).- 9.3.1 Characteristics of innovation processes for sustainability oriented technologies in transport.- 9.3.2 Realising the Window of Technological Opportunity.- 9.3.3 The empirical results.- 9.4 Epilogue.- Annex.- Annex I List of interviewed persons.- Annex II Technology evaluation manual and tables.- Annex III The technology clusters and their impact on the environment.- References.