内容

目次

I: Introduction to Game-Theoretical Semantics.- 1. General.- 2. Formal first-order languages.- 3. Equivalence with Tarski-type truth-definitions.- 4. Translation to higher-order languages.- 5. Partially ordered quantifiers.- 6. Subgames and functional interpretations.- 7. Extension to natural languages.- 8. Similarities and differences between formal and natural languages.- 9. Competing ordering principles.- 10. Atomic sentences.- 11. Further rules for natural languages.- 12. Explanatory strategies.- Notes to Part I.- II: Definite Descriptions.- 1. Russell on definite descriptions.- 2. Prima facie difficulties with Russell’s theory.- 3. Can we localize Russell’s theory?.- 4. Game-theoretical solution to the localization problem.- 5. Anaphoric “the” in formal languages.- 6. Applications.- 7. Epithetic and counterepithetic the-phrases.- 8. Vagaries of the alleged head-anaphor relation.- 9. The anaphoric use of definite descriptions as a semantical phenomenon.- 10. The quantifier-exclusion phenomenon in natural languages.- 11. Inductive choice sets.- 12. Other uses of “the”.- 13. The Russellian use.- 14. The generic use motivated.- 15. Conclusions from the “pragmatic deduction”.- Notes to Part II.- III: Towards a Semantical Theory of Pronominal Anaphora.- I: Different Approaches to Anaphora.- 1. Approaches to anaphora in terms of the head relation.- 2. Recent Approaches to anaphora in terms of coreference assignments.- 3. Discourse anaphora. Anaphora vs. deixis?.- II: A Game-Theoretical Approach to Anaphora.- 4. Anaphoric the-phrases as a paradigm case.- 5. Came rules for anaphoric pronouns.- 6. What is the logic of anaphoric pronouns?.- 7. Different kinds of pronouns.- 8. Consequences of the rules.- 9. Subgames and discourse anaphora.- 10. The nature of anaphoric pronouns and the concepts of sentence and scope.- III: The Exclusion Principle.- 11. Partially exclusive interpretation needed.- 12. Peculiarities of pronouns.- 13. The Exclusion Principle and reflexive pronouns.- 14. The Exclusion Principle is semantical in nature.- IV: General Theoretical Issues.- 15. Anaphoric pronouns and quantifier phrases.- 16. Pragmatic factors.- 17. Semantics and strategy selection.- 18. Irrelevance of the head-anaphor relation, and the semantical character of pronominal anaphora.- 19. Shortcomings of the notion of coreference.- V: GTS expalains Coreference Restrictions.- 20. Game rules and their order as explanation of coreferentiality restraints.- 21. Ordering principles and the Langacker-Ross restriction.- 22. The timing of rule applications.- 23. Rules for prepositional phrases.- 24. Don’t try to anticipate the course of a semantical game.- 25. Surface vs. deep structure.- 26. Other intervening rules.- 27. Coreferentiality and special ordering principles.- 28. Different explananda.- VI: Comparisons with Other Treatments.- 29. Comparisons: general perspectives.- 30. Comparisons: Chomsky.- 31. Comparisons: Reinhart.- 32. The Exclusion Principle is clausebound.- 33. The Exclusion Principle and different methods of identification.- 34. Apparent exceptions: pronouns of laziness.- 35. Apparent exceptions: syntactical control or not?.- Notes to Part III.- Name Index.