This study examines the employment implications of sustainable development, especially for developing countries, and reviews current approaches to minimizing environmental degradation. Spectacular economic growth since 1945, based largely on technological advance, has entailed major environmental costs which, this book claims, cannot be sustained, except at the risk of our own survival. The book covers environmentally sound approaches to development and employment promotion; the relation between employment, environment, rural poverty and urbanization; and a policy agenda on employment and environmental issues.