目次

Every chapter begins with "Preview: Key Points" and "LeadershipChallenge," each chapter ends with "Summary," "Key Terms," "Some Ideas forYour Portfolio," and "Instructional Leaders Toolbox." 1. Introduction toTeaching and Learning. The Role of Instructional Leader. InstructionalLeadership after No Child Left Behind. Student Differences. Learning.Motivation. Teaching. Classroom Management. Assessing Student Learning.Assessing and Changing School Culture and Climate. 2. Students DiversityToday's Diverse Classrooms. Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms.Gender Differences in the Classroom. 3. Students Abilities and ChallengesIndividual Differences in Intelligence. Ability Differences in Teaching.Students with Learning Challenges 4. Learning. What Is Learning?Behavioral Views of Learning. Teaching Applications of Behavioral Theories.Cognitive Views of Learning. Cognitive Contributions: Learning Strategiesand Tactics. Constructivist Theories of Learning. Teaching Applications ofConstructivist Perspectives. 5. Motivation. Motivation--A Definition.Goals and Motivation. Needs and Motivation. Attributions, Beliefs, andMotivation. Interests and Emotions. Strategies to Encourage Motivation andThoughtful Learning. 6. Teaching. Do Teachers Make a Difference? What is aGood Teacher? The First Step: Planning. Successful Teaching: Focus on theTeacher. Teaching for Understanding: Focus on the Subject. Beyond Models toOutstanding Teaching. Cautions: Where's the Learning? 7. ClassroomManagement. Organizing the Learning Environment. Creating a PositiveLearning Environment: Some Research Results. Getting Started: The FirstWeeks of Class. Maintaining a Good Learning Environment. Dealing withDiscipline Problems. The Need for Communication. Summing it up: LearningEnvironments for All Students . Designing Motivating Learning Environment onTARGET for Learning. 8. Assessing Student Learning. Evaluation,Measurement, and Assessment. What Do Test Scores Mean? Types ofStandardized Tests. Issues in Standardized Testing. New Directions inStandardized Testing and Classroom Assessment. Effects of Grades and Gradingon Students. 9. Assessing and Changing School Culture and Climate. TheSchool Workplace. Organizational Culture. Organizational Climate.Organizational Climate: Healthy To Unhealthy. Changing School Climate.