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Introduction: Developing a Scientific Paradigm for Understanding CultureMelissa J. BrownPart I What Is Culture?1. Some Kinds of Causal Powers ThatMake Up Culture Roy D'Andrade; 2. Culture in Evolution: Toward an Integrationof Chimpanzee and Human Cultures Christophe Boesch; 3. Dissent withModification: Cultural Evolution and Social Niche Construction Marcus W.FeldmanPart II Modeling-Based Case Studies4. Cultural Evolution:Accomplishments and Future Prospects Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd; 5.Conditions for the Spread of Culturally Transmitted Costly Punishment ofSibMating Kenichi Aoki, Yasuo Ihara, and Marcus W. Feldman; 6. SexuallyTransmitted Infections as Biomarkers of Cultural Behavior James HollandJonesPart III - Ethnographic Case Studies7. When Culture Affects Behavior: ANew Look at Kuru William H. Durham; 8. When Culture Does Not Affect Behavior:The Structural Basis of Ethnic Identity Melissa J. Brown; 9. A CulturalSpecies Joseph Henrich; 10. Culture Matters: Inferences from ComparativeBehavioral Experiments and Evolutionary Models Samuel Bowles and HerbertGintisPart IV Challenges to a Science of Culture11. Cultural Evolution andUxorilocal Marriage in China: A Second Opinion Arthur P. Wolf; 12. WhenTheory Is Data: Coming to Terms with "Culture" as a Way of LifeGregory Starrett; 13. Studying "Culture" Scientifically Is anOxymoron: The Interesting Question Is Why People Don't Accept This RobertBorofskyEpilogue: Future Questions Melissa J. Brown