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PrefaceAcknowledgements CHAPTER ONEA BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH, HEALING, AND ILLNESS Definition of Medical SociologyHistorical Development of Medical SociologySociology’s Contribution to Understanding Health, Healing, and IllnessThe Role of the Medical Sociologist in the Twenty-First CenturySummary Health on the Internet Discussion Questions Glossary References  CHAPTER TWOTHE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE A Brief History of Medicine Early Humans Four Ancient Civilizations Greek and Roman Societies  The Medieval Era Medicine in the Renaissance  Medicine from 1600 to 1900 The Ascendancy of Medical Authority in AmericaPerspectives on the Ascendancy of Medical AuthoritySummary Health on the Internet Discussion Question Glossary References  CHAPTER THREESOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY  The Work of the EpidemiologistThe Epidemiological TransitionLife Expectancy and MortalityInfant Mortality Maternal Mortality Morbidity Disability Summary Health on the Internet Discussion Cases Glossary References  CHAPTER FOURSOCIETY, DISEASE, AND ILLNESS The Social Etiology of DiseaseThe Interrelationship of Proximate Risk Factors and Fundamental Causes: The Case of Developing Countries Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Cancer HIV/AIDS Alzheimer’s Disease Mental Illness Summary Health on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER FIVESOCIAL STRESS  Definition of Stress Historical Development of the Stress ConceptA Model of Social Stress Stressors Appraisal of Stressors Mediators of Stress: Coping and Social SupportStress Outcomes The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Race, Sexual Orientation, and Gender in Social StressSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER SIXHEALTH BEHAVIOR  The Concept of Health Health Behavior Describing Individual Health BehaviorsExplaining Health Behavior Summary Health on the Internet Discussion Cases Glossary References  CHAPTER SEVENEXPERIENCING ILLNESS AND DISABILITY Stages of Illness Experience Stage 1: Symptom ExperienceStage 2: Assumption of the Sick Role—Illness as DevianceStage 3: Medical Care Contact/Self-CareStage 4: Dependent-Patient RoleStage 5: Recovery and RehabilitationExperiencing Chronic Illness and DisabilitySummary Health on the Internet Discussion Questions Glossary References  CHAPTER EIGHTPHYSICIANS AND THE PROFESSION OF MEDICINE The Profession of Medicine The Social Control of MedicineThe Number, Composition, and Distribution of Physicians in the United StatesWomen Physicians Changes in the Physician’s WorkplacePhysician Satisfaction and Physician ImpairmentSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER NINEMEDICAL EDUCATION AND THE SOCIALIZATION OF PHYSICIANS The History of Medical EducationModern Medical Education The Medical School Experience: Attitude and Value AcquisitionThe Medical School Experience: StressThe Medical School Experience: Career ChoicesFuture Directions in Medical Education in the United StatesSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER TENNURSES, ADVANCED PRACTICE PROVIDERS, AND ALLIED HEALTH WORKERS Evolution of Nurses, Advanced Practice Providers, and Allied Health WorkersContemporary Nurses and the Field of NursingAdvanced Practice Providers Allied Health Workers The Health Care Team Relationships among Health Care WorkersThe Changing Environment among Health Care WorkersSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Question Glossary References  CHAPTER ELEVENCOMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE The Meaning of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)Scientific Medicine and Alternative HealingComplementary and Alternative HealersChiropractic Acupuncture Spiritual Healing and Christian ScienceEthnic Folk Healing Summary Health on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER TWELVETHE PHYSICIAN–PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: BACKGROUND AND MODELS Models of the Physician–Patient RelationshipKey Dimensions of the Physician–Patient RelationshipThe Current Move to Patient-Centered      CareThe Influence of Race, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, and Gender on the Physician–Patient RelationshipPatient Satisfaction with PhysiciansPatient Adherence with Medical RegimensSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER THIRTEENPROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS OF PHYSICIANS IN THE PHYSICIAN–PATIENT RELATIONSHIP The Approach of Medical Ethics Truth-Telling as an Issue Confidentiality as an Issue Obligation to Treat Patients with Highly Contagious DiseasesSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Cases Glossary References  CHAPTER FOURTEENTHE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES Rating the Health Care System of the United StatesThe Health Care System of the United StatesThe Financing of Health Care in the United StatesExplanations for the High Cost of American MedicineAmerica’s Uninsured Population Prior to the ACA Historical Efforts to Reform the Health Care SystemHealth Care Reform of 2010: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER FIFTEENHEALTH CARE DELIVERY  Hospitals Freestanding Ambulatory and Surgical SitesNursing Homes Hospices Home Health Care Summary Health Care on the Internet Discussion Case Glossary References  CHAPTER SIXTEENTHE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY Societal Control of Technology Health Care Technology The Right to Refuse or Demand Advanced Health Care TechnologyOrgan Donation and TransplantationAssisted Procreation Summary Health on the Internet Discussion Cases Glossary References  CHAPTER SEVENTEENCOMPARATIVE HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS Major Influences on Health Care SystemsHealth Care Services in Developing CountriesTypes of Health Care Systems China Canada England Russia Common Challenges to Health Care Systems Around the WorldSummary Health on the Internet Discussion Questions Glossary References  List of ImagesList of FiguresName Index Subject Index