内容

目次

Part I. Counterfactual Causality and Empirical Research in the SocialSciences: 1. Introduction; 2. The counterfactual model; Part II. EstimatingCausal Effects by Conditioning: 3. Causal graphs, identification, and modelsof causal exposure; 4. Matching estimators of causal effects; 5. Regressionestimators of causal effects; Part III. Estimating Causal Effects When SimpleConditioning is Ineffective: 6. Identification in the absence of a completemodel of causal exposure; 7. Natural experiments and instrumental variables;8. Mechanisms and causal explanation; 9. Repeated observations and theestimation of causal effects; Part IV. Conclusions: 10. Counterfactualcausality and future empirical research in the social sciences.