内容

目次

Preface xi Important Note on Terminology and Units xv Chapter 1.The History and Philosophy of Stellar Spectral Classification 1 1.1 EarlyHistory 1 1.2 Later Developments 10 1.3 The MK Process 17 Chapter 2.An Overview of the Normal Stars 32 2.1 Introduction 32 2.2 The SpectralSequence 32 2.3 Multicolor Photometry and Stellar Classification 44 2.4Physical Principles Underlying the MK Sequence 50 Chapter 3. The OBStars--Nolan R. Walborn 66 3.1 Introduction 66 3.2 The Optical 66 3.3 TheUltraviolet 75 3.4 The Infrared--Margaret M. Hanson 81 3.5 PeculiarCategories 89 3.6 X-Ray Line Spectra 102 3.7 Calibration and AstrophysicalModeling 105 Chapter 4. The B-type Stars 115 4.1 Introduction 115 4.2Optical Classification 115 4.3 The Ultraviolet 120 4.4 Chemically PeculiarB-type Stars 123 4.5 Be Stars and B Shell Stars 135 4.6 Other B-typeEmission-line Stars 143 4.7 B-type Stars in Advanced Evolutionary States 147Chapter 5. The A-type Stars 160 5.1 Introduction 160 5.2 OpticalSpectral-type Criteria 160 5.3 Ultraviolet and Infrared ClassificationSchemes 169 5.4 Chemically Peculiar Stars 176 5.5 Herbig Ae/Be Stars 2005.6 A-type Stars in Advanced Evolutionary Stages 207 5.7 A-type Shell Stars213 Chapter 6. The F-type Stars 221 6.1 Introduction 221 6.2 OpticalClassification 221 6.3 Classification in the Ultraviolet and Infrared 2276.4 Population II F-type Stars 236 6.5 Chemically Peculiar F-type Stars 2446.6 F-type Stars in Advanced Evolutionary Stages 249 Chapter 7. The G-and K-type Stars 259 7.1 Introduction 259 7.2 Optical Classification 2597.3 The Infrared 265 7.4 The Search for a Solar Twin; Chromospheric Activity270 7.5 T Tauri Stars 275 7.6 Chemically Peculiar G- and K-giants 278 7.7Population II and III Stars 281 7.8 The High Luminosity, Yellow Variables283 Chapter 8. The M-type, S-type, and Carbon Stars 293 8.1Introduction 293 8.2 The M-type Stars 293 8.3 The Carbon Stars 306 8.4 TheS-type Stars 321 8.5 Symbiotic and Algol Stars 331 Chapter 9. M Dwarfsand L Dwarfs--J. Davy Kirkpatrick 339 9.1 Introduction 339 9.2 TheDiscovery of M Dwarfs and L Dwarfs 339 9.3 Spectroscopic Classification 3419.4 Physical Interpretation of Types 362 9.4 Peculiar Objects 372Chapter 10. The T-type Dwarfs--Adam J. Burgasser 388 10.1 Introduction 38810.2 Recognition of the T Dwarf Class and Early Discoveries 389 10.3 T DwarfSpectral Characteristics 391 10.4 Near-Infrared Classification 396 10.5Optical Classification 417 10.6 Mid-Infrared Classification 425 10.7Additional Considerations for T-Dwarf Classification 428 10.8 Beyond the TDwarfs 434 Chapter 11. Wolf-Rayet Stars and the Luminous Blue Variables441 11.1 The Wolf-Rayet Stars 441 11.2 Luminous Blue Variables 465 11.3Evolutionary Connections 468 Chapter 12. Endpoints of Stellar Evolution472 12.1 Proto-Planetary Nebulae and Planetary Nebula Nucleus Stars 47212.2 White Dwarf Stars 472 12.3 Novae 482 12.4 Supernovae 497 Chapter13. Further Techniques 507 13.1 Introduction 507 13.2 Composite Spectra 50713.3 Classification Systems in the Thermal Infrared 515 13.4 OtherClassification Systems 522 13.5 Automated Methods of Spectral Classification525 13.6 Low Dispersion Techniques and Natural Groups 529 Glossary 541Appendix A: MK Standard Stars 555 Appendix B: Calibrations of the MK System565 Appendix C: The Book Website 571 General Index 573 Object Index 585