内容

目次

Preface ix Chapter 1: Introduction and Motivation 1 1.1 The Fieldof High-Energy Astrophysics 1 1.2 Energies, Luminosities, and Timescales 31.3 Atmospheric Absorption 8 1.4 Experimental Tools of High-EnergyAstrophysics 12 1.5 High-Energy Telescopes 23 Chapter 2: TheHigh-Energy Sky 31 2.1 X-ray Maps Up to 10 keV 32 2.2 The Sky Between 10keV and 1MeV 34 2.3 Surveys up to 30MeV 36 2.4 The Highest Energy MapsProduced in Earth Orbit 36 Chapter 3: Relativity 39 3.1 SpecialRelativity 39 3.2 Relativistic Transformation of Physical Laws 48 3.3General Relativity 51 3.4 Static Spacetimes 56 Chapter 4: ParticleAcceleration 67 4.1 Gravity 67 4.2 Electromagnetic Fields 70 4.3 FermiAcceleration 76 Chapter 5: Radiative Processes 84 5.1 The RadiationField 84 5.2 Intensity 89 5.3 Thermal Bremsstrahlung 91 5.4Single-Particle Synchrotron Emissivity 96 5.5 Thermal Synchrotron 107 5.6Nonthermal Synchrotron 108 5.7 Compton Scattering 111 Chapter 6:Accretion of Plasma 118 6.1 Hydrodynamics 118 6.2 Bondi-Hoyle Accretion 1236.3 Roche Lobe Geometry in Binaries and Accretion from a Companion Star 1306.4 Formation of a Disk 134 Chapter 7: Accretion Disk Theory 137 7.1Viscosity and Radial Disk Structure 137 7.2 Standard Thin-Disk Theory 1397.3 Accretion Columns 153 7.4 Two-Temperature Thin Disks 158 Chapter 8:Thick Accretion Disks 164 8.1 Thick-Disk Structure 165 8.2 RadiativelyInefficient Flows 169 Chapter 9: Pulsing Sources 182 9.1 Radio Pulsars182 9.2 X-ray Pulsars 195 9.3 Cataclysmic Variables 199 Chapter 10:Black Holes in Binaries 210 10.1 Early Discovery of Black Holes 211 10.2The Archetypal HMXB Cygnus X-1 217 10.3 X-ray Novae 223 10.4 QPOs inBlack-Hole Binaries 226 Chapter 11: Bursting Stars 233 11.1 X-ray BurstSources 233 11.2 Gamma-Ray Burst Sources 240 Chapter 12: SupermassiveBlack Holes 259 12.1 Their Discovery and Identification 259 12.2 NearbyObjects 270 12.3 Supermassive Black Holes in AGNs 285 Chapter 13: TheHigh-Energy Background 303 13.1 Cosmic Rays 303 13.2 Galaxy Clusters 31213.3 Diffuse Emission 316 Bibliography 327 Index 351