内容

目次

List of Illustrations ix List of Tables ix Preface xiii ChapterOne: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: Why Is Agriculture Different? 5 2.1Introduction 5 2.2 Agriculture and the Environment: An Uneasy Relationship 52.3 Factor Endowment and the Characteristics of Agriculture 13 ChapterThree: Trends in the Long Run 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Output 16 3.3Prices 21 3.4 The Composition of Agricultural Output 26 3.5 Trade 28Chapter Four: Patterns of Growth: The Inputs 31 4.1 Introduction 31 4.2Land 31 4.3 Capital 40 4.4 Labor 56 4.5 Conclusion: Factor Endowment andFactor Prices in the Long Run 64 Chapter Five: The Causes of Growth: TheIncrease in Productivity 69 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 The Productivity ofLand and Labor 70 5.3 The Total Factor Productivity 74 5.4 Conclusion: Onthe Interpretation of Total Factor Productivity Growth 82 Chapter Six:Technical Progress in Agriculture 83 6.1 Introduction: Productivity Growthand Technical Progress 83 6.2 The Major Innovations 84 6.3 TheMacroeconomics of Innovations: Factor Prices and Technical Progress 93 6.4The Microeconomics of Agricultural Innovation: Appropriability,Complementarity, Environment, and Risk 101 6.5 The Microeconomics ofAgricultural Innovation: Research Institutions and Technical Progress 1056.6 Conclusion: On the Causes of Technical Progress 114 Chapter Seven:The Microeconomics of Agricultural Institutions 117 7.1 Introduction: WhatAre the Institutions, and Why Should We Care about Them? 117 7.2 PropertyRights 118 7.3 The "Structure": Matching Land and Labor 121 7.4 Finding theMoney: Formal and Informal Credit 128 7.5 The Co-operative: The Best of AllPossible Worlds? 133 7.6 Conclusion: Is There an "Ideal" Farm? 136Chapter Eight: Agricultural Institutions and Growth 143 8.1 Introduction 1438.2 Prelude: The Establishing of Modern Property Rights 144 8.3 Meddlingwith Property Rights: Land Reform and Other Structural Interventions 149 8.4The "Structural" Change in the Long Run 152 8.5 The Development of Markets160 8.6 Self-help: The Growth of the Co-operative Movement 168 8.7Institutions and Agricultural Growth: The Creation of Property Rights and"Structural" Interventions 172 8.8 Institutions and Agricultural Growth:Landownership, Farm Size, and Contracts 177 8.9 Institutions andAgricultural Growth: The Development of Markets 181 8.10 Conclusion: DidInstitutions Really Matter? 186 Chapter Nine: The State and the Market187 9.1 Introduction: On the Design of Agricultural Policies 187 9.2 Before1914: The Era of Laissez Faire 189 9.3 The Interwar Years: The GreatDiscontinuity 191 9.4 The OECD Countries after 1945: The Era of Surpluses196 9.5 The Less Developed Countries after Independence: The GreenRevolution and the "Development" Policies 201 9.6 The Socialist Countries205 9.7 On the Effects of Agricultural Policies 211 9.8 Conclusion: ThePolitical Economy of Agricultural Policies 215 Chapter Ten: Conclusions:Agriculture and Economic Growth in the Long Run 221 10.1 Fifteen StylizedFacts 221 10.2 Agriculture and Economic Growth: Some Theory 222 10.3Agriculture and Economic Growth: Debates and Historical Evidence 226 10.4Concluding Remarks: A Look to the Future 231 Statistical Appendix 233Notes 251 Bibliography 325 Index 381