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Lists of Figures and Tables List of Contributors Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Introduction: The World of World Englishes Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, Cecil L. Nelson, Zoya G. Proshina, and Daniel R. Davis Part 1 The Historical Context First Diaspora 1 Beginnings Robert D. King 2 English in Scotland Fiona Douglas Second Diaspora 3 English in the United States Edgar W. Schneider 4 English in Canada Stefan Dollinger 5 English in Australia and New Zealand Scott F. Kiesling 6 Caribbean Englishes Michael Aceto Third Diaspora 7 South Asian Englishes Ravinder Gargesh 8 English in Southeast Asia Ee Ling Low 9 South African Englishes: Forms and Functions Nkonko M. Kamwangamalu 10 African Englishes and Creative Writing Eyamba G. Bokamba Fourth Diaspora 11 South American Englishes and English in South America Patricia Friedrich 12 Euro-Englishes Suzanne K. Hilgendorf 13 Russian Englishes Zoya G. Proshina 14 East Asian Englishes Nobuyuki Honna 15 English in the People’s Republic of China Wei Zhang, Kingsley Bolton, and Werner Botha Part II Variational Contexts 16 Contact Linguistics and World Englishes Rajend Mesthrie 17 Pidgins and Creoles Salikoko S. Mufwene 18 African American English Walt Wolfram Part III Acculturation 19 Written Language, Standard Language, Global Language M.A.K. Halliday 20 Speaking and Writing in World Englishes Yamuna Kachru 21 Genres and Styles in World Englishes Vijay K. Bhatia Part IV Crossing Borders 22 Literary Creativity in World Englishes Edwin Thumboo 23 Bilingual Language Play and World Englishes Alexandra A. Rivlina 24 World Englishes and Issues of Intelligibility Larry E. Smith and Cecil L. Nelson 25 World Englishes and Culture Wars Braj B. Kachru Part V Grammar wars and standards 26 Grammar Wars: Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century England Linda C. Mitchell 27 Grammar Wars: The United States John Algeo 28 World Englishes and Descriptive Grammars Daniel R. Davis 29 World Englishes and Corpora Studies Gerald Nelson Part VI Ideology, Identity, and Constructs 30 Colonial/Postcolonial Critique: The Challenge from World Englishes Pradeep A. Dhillon 31 Postcolonial Theory and World Englishes: Toward a Dialogue Wimal Dissanayake 32 Creative Acts of Gender in World Englishes Tamara M. Valentine Part VII World Englishes and Globalization 33 World Englishes in the Media Elizabeth A. Martin 34 World Englishes in Global Advertising Tej K. Bhatia 35 World Englishes and Global Commerce Stanley Yunick Van Horn Part VIII World Englishes and Applied Theory 36 A Recurring Decimal: English in Language Policy and Planning Ay? Bamgbo?e 37 World Englishes and Communicative Competence Margie Berns 38 World Englishes and Pedagogy Aya Matsuda 39 World Englishes and International Standardized English Proficiency Tests James Dean Brown 40 World Englishes and Lexicography Fredric Dolezal Part IX Outlook for the Future 41 World Englishes: Current Debates and Future Directions Kingsley Bolton 42 The Karmic Cycle of World Englishes: Some Futuristic Constructs Yamuna Kachru and Larry E. Smith