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List of Illustrations viii Notes on Contributors x Abbreviations of Ancient Authors and Works xiv Abbreviations of Modern Sources xx Symbols Used xxiv Linguistic and Other Abbreviations xxv 1 Introduction 1James Clackson PART I Sources 7 2 The Latin Alphabet and Orthography 9Rex Wallace 3 Latin Inscriptions and Documents 29James Clackson 4 Latin Manuscripts and Textual Traditions 40Bruce Gibson 5 Romance Languages as a Source for Spoken Latin 59Roger Wright PART II The Language 81 6 The Sounds of Latin: Phonology 83Matthew McCullagh 7 Latin Prosody and Metrics 92Benjamin W. Fortson IV 8 The Forms of Latin: Inflectional Morphology 105James Clackson 9 Latin Syntax 118Geoffrey Horrocks 10 Latin Vocabulary 144Michèle Fruyt 11 Word–Formation in Classical Latin 157Michèle Fruyt 12 Latin Particles and the Grammar of Discourse 176Caroline Kroon PART III Latin Through Time 197 13 The Historical Background to Latin within the Indo–European Language Family 199Benjamin W. Fortson IV 14 Archaic and Old Latin 220John Penney 15 Classical Latin 236James Clackson 16 Late Latin 257J.N. Adams 17 Medieval Latin 284Greti Dinkova–Bruun 18 Neo–Latin 303David Butterfield PART IV Literary Registers of Latin 319 19 The Language of Roman Comedy 321Wolfgang de Melo 20 The Language of Latin Epic and Lyric Poetry 344Rolando Ferri 21 The Language of Latin Verse Satire 367Anna Chahoud 22 The Language of Roman Oratory and Rhetoric 384J.G.F. Powell 23 The Language of Latin Historiography 408Christina Shuttleworth Kraus 24 Epistolary Latin 426Hilla Halla–aho 25 Latin as a Technical and Scientific Language 445Thorsten Fögen 26 Legal Latin 464J.G.F. Powell 27 Christian Latin 485Philip Burton PART V Latin in Social and Political Contexts 503 28 The Social Dialects of Latin 505James Clackson 29 Latin and Other Languages: Societal and Individual Bilingualism 527Alex Mullen 30 Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire 549Bruno Rochette 31 Latin Inside and Outside of Rome 564Giovanbattista Galdi References 582 Index Locorum 619 Index 627