内容

目次

1 Approach to Medicine, the Patient and the Medical Profession: Medicineas a Learned and Humane Profession 2 Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine3 Care of Dying Patients and Their Families 4 Cultural Context of Medicine5 Socioeconomic Issues in Medicine 6 Approach to the Patient: History andPhysical Examination 7 Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs8 Statistical Interpretation of Data 9 Using Data for Clinical Decisions10 Principles of Outcome Assessment 11 Patient Safety and Quality of Care12 Principles of Preventive Health Care 13 The Periodic Health Examination14 Physical Activity 15 Violence and Injury 16 Immunization 17 Principles ofOccupational and Environmental Medicine 18 Radiation Injury 19 Bioterrorism20 Chronic Poisoning: Trace Metals and Others 21 Epidemiology of Aging:Implications of the Aging of Society 22 Biology of Aging 23 Common ClinicalSequelae of Aging 24 Urinary Incontinence 25 Neuropsychiatric Aspects ofAging 26 Delirium and Other Mental Status Problems in the Older Patient27 Principles of Drug Therapy 28 Pain 29 Biology of Addiction 30 Tobacco31 Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 32 Drug Abuse and Dependence33 Immunosuppressing Drugs Including Glucocorticoids 34 Prostaglandins,Aspirin, and Related Compounds 35 Antithrombotic Therapy 36 Complementary andAlternative Medicine 37 Principles of Genetics: Overview of the Paradigm ofGenetic Contribution to Health and Disease 38 Genetic Risk Assessment39 Single Gene and Chromosomal Disorders 40 The Inherited Basis of CommonDiseases 41 Gene and Cell Therapy 42 The Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems43 The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Disease Susceptibility44 Mechanisms of Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury 45 Mechanisms of Inflammationand Tissue Repair 46 Transplant Immunology 47 Complement in Health andDisease 48 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease49 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease 50 Cardiac Function and CirculatoryControl 51 Radiology of the Heart 52 Electrocardiography 53 Echocardiography54 Nuclear Cardiology and Computed Tomography 55 Cardiac Magnetic ResonanceImaging 56 Catheterization and Angiography 57 Heart Failure: Pathophysiologyand Diagnosis 58 Heart Failure: Management and Prognosis 59 Diseases of theEndocardium and Myocardium 60 Principles of Electrophysiology 61 Approach tothe Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia 62 Approach to Cardiac Arrest andLife-Threatening Arrhythmias 63 Cardiac Arrhythmias with SupraventricularOrigin 64 Ventricular Arrhythmias and Approach to the Survivor of CardiacArrest 65 Electrophysiologic Interventional Procedures and Surgery66 Arterial Hypertension 67 Pulmonary Hypertension 68 Congenital HeartDisease in Adults 69 Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology70 Angina Pectoris 71 Acute Coronary Syndrome: Unstable Angina and Non-STSegment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 72 ST-Elevation Acute MyocardialInfarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction 73 PercutaneousCoronary Interventions 74 Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease75 Valvular Heart Disease 76 Infective Endocarditis 77 Pericardial Disease78 Diseases of the Aorta 79 Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease80 Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases 81 Peripheral Venous Disease 82 CardiacTransplantation 83 Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease84 Imaging in Pulmonary Disease 85 Respiratory Structure and Function86 Disorders of Ventilatory Control 87 Asthma 88 Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease 89 Cystic Fibrosis 90 Bronchiectasis and LocalizedAirway/Parenchymal Disorders 91 Alveolar Filling Disorders 92 InterstitialLung Disease 93 Occupational Pulmonary Disorders 94 Physical, Chemical, andAspiration Injuries of the Lung 95 Sarcoidosis 96 Acute Bronchitis andTracheitis 97 Approach to the Patient with Pneumonia 98 Lung Abscess99 Pulmonary Embolism 100 Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, andMediastinum 101 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndromes 102 SurgicalApproach to Lung Disease 103 Approach to the Patient in a Critical CareSetting 104 Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care 105 Acute RespiratoryFailure 106 Ventilator Management in the Intensive Care Unit 107 Approach tothe Patient with Shock 108 Cardiogenic Shock 109 Shock Syndromes Related toSepsis 110 Disorders Due to Heat and Cold 111 Acute Poisoning 112 ElectricInjury 113 Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burn Care 114 Rhabdomyolysis115 Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease 116 Structure and Function ofthe Kidneys 117 Total Body Fluids 118 Potassium Balance Disorders119 Acid-Base Disorders 120 Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus 121 AcuteRenal Failure 122 Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes123 Tubulointerstitial Diseases 124 Obstructive Uropathy 125 Diabetes and theKidney 126 Vascular Disorders of the Kidney 127 Renal Calculi(Nephrolithiasis) 128 Cystic Diseases of the Kidney 129 HereditaryNephropathies and Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract 130 Benign ProstateDisease and Prostatitis 131 Chronic Renal Failure 132 Renal Osteodystrophy133 Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure 134 Approach to the Patient withGastrointestinal Disease 135 Diagnostic Imaging Procedures inGastroenterology 136 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 137 GastrointestinalHemorrhage and Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding 138 Disorders ofGastrointestinal Motility 139 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders:Irritable Bowel, Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia, and Noncardiac Chest Pain 140 Diseasesof the Esophagus 141 Pathophysiology of Acid Peptic Disease 142 Diagnosis andTreatment of Acid Peptic Disease 143 Approach to the Patient with Diarrheaand Malabsorption Syndromes 144 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 145 Appendicitis,Diverticulitis, and Inflammatory Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum,Mesentery, and Omentum 146 Vascular Diseases of the Intestine147 Pancreatitis 148 Diseases of the Rectum and Anus 149 Approach to thePatient with Liver Disease 150 Approach to the Jaundiced Patient and orAbnormal Liver Tests 151 Acute Viral Hepatitis 152 Chronic Hepatitis153 Toxin and Drug-Induced Liver Disease 154 Inherited, Infiltrative, andMetabolic Disorders Involving the Liver 155 Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, andGranulomatous Liver Diseases 156 Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis157 Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae 158 Hepatic Failure and Liver Transplantation159 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts 160 Hematopoiesis andHematopoietic Growth Factors 161 The Peripheral Blood Smear 162 Approach tothe Anemias 163 Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias 164 Autoimmune andIntravascular Hemolytic Anemias 165 Hemolytic Anemias: Red Cell Membrane andMetabolic Defects 166 The Thalassemias 167 Sickle Cell Anemia and AssociatedHemoglobinopathies 168 Hemoglobinopathies: Methemoglobinemias,Polycythemias, and Unstable Hemoglobins 169 Nonhemolytic Normochromic,Normocytic Anemias 170 Megaloblastic Anemias 171 Aplastic Anemia and RelatedDisorders 172 Polycythemias and Unstable Hemoglobins 173 Leukopenia andLeukocytosis 174 Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy andSplenomegaly 175 Disorders of Phagocyte Function 176 Eosinophilic Syndromes177 Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: Essential Thrombocythemia andMyelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia 178 Approach to the Patient withBleeding and Thrombosis 179 Hemorrhagic Disorders: Abnormalities of Plateletand Vascular Function 180 Hemorrhagic Disorders: Coagulation FactorDeficiencies 181 Hemorrhagic Disorders: Disseminated IntravascularCoagulation, Liver Disease, and Vitamin K Deficiency 182 Thrombotic Disordersand Hypercoagulable States 183 Transfusion Medicine 184 Hematopoietic StemCell Transplantation 185 Epidemiology of Cancer 186 Genetics of Cancer187 Biology of Cancer 188 Endocrine Manifestations of Tumors: Ectopic HormoneProduction 189 Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Other Non-neoplastic Effects ofCancer 190 Tumor Markers 191 Cancer Prevention 192 Principles of CancerTherapy 193 Myelodysplastic Syndrome 194 The Acute Leukemias 195 The ChronicLeukemias 196 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas 197 Hodgkin's Disease 198 Plasma CellDisorders 199 Tumors of the Central Nervous System and IntracranialHypertension and Hypotension 200 Head and Neck Cancer 201 Lung Cancer andOther Pulmonary Neoplasms 202 Neoplasms of the Esophagus and Stomach203 Neoplasms of the Large and Small Intestine 204 Carcinoma of the Pancreas205 Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors 206 Liver and Biliary Tract Tumors 207 Tumorsof the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis 208 Breast Cancer andDifferential Diagnosis of Benign Nodules 209 Gynecologic Cancers210 Testicular Cancer 211 Prostate Cancer 212 Bone Sarcomas 213 Soft TissueSarcoma 214 Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers 215 Cancer of UnknownPrimary Origin 216 Approach to the Patient with Inborn Errors of Metabolism217 Disorders of Lipid Metabolism 218 Galactosemia 219 Glycogen StorageDiseases 220 Fructose Intolerance 221 Primary Hyperoxaluria 222 Disorders ofPurine and Pyrimidine Metabolism 223 Lysosomal Storage Diseases 224 Disordersof Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism 225 The Hyperprolinemias andHydroxyprolinemia 226 Diseases of the Urea Cycle 227 Branched ChainAminoacidurias 228 Homocystinuria 229 The Porphyrias 230 Wilson's Disease231 Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis) 232 Nutrition's Interface with Health andDisease 233 Nutritional Assessment 234 Protein-Energy Malnutrition235 Enteral Nutrition 236 Parenteral Nutrition 237 Vitamins andMicronutrients 238 The Eating Disorders 239 Obesity 240 Principles ofEndocrinology 241 Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System242 Anterior Pituitary 243 Posterior Pituitary 244 The Thyroid 245 TheAdrenal Cortex 246 The Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma247 Diabetes Mellitus - Type I and Complications 248 Diabetes Mellitus - TypeII, Including Metabolic Syndrome 249 Hypoglycemia/Pancreatic Islet CellDisorders 250 Polyglandular Disorders 251 Carcinoid Syndrome 252 Disorders ofSexual Differentiation 253 The Testis and Male Sexual Function 254 Approachto Women's Health 255 Ovaries and Development 256 Menstrual Cycle andFertility 257 Contraception 258 Neoplastic Diseases in Pregnancy259 Hypertension and Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy 260 HIV inPregnancy 261 Hirsutism 262 Menopause 263 Mineral and Bone Homeostasis264 Osteoporosis 265 Osteomalacia and Rickets 266 The Parathyroid Glands,Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia 267 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma andCalcitonin 268 Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)269 Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/Hyperostosis and Other Disorders of Bone270 Approach to the Patient with Allergic or Immunologic Disease 271 PrimaryImmunodeficiency Diseases 272 Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Chronic Sinusitis273 Urticaria and Angioedema 274 Systemic Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, andInsect Sting Allergy 275 Drug Allergy 276 Mastocytosis 277 Approach to thePatient with Rheumatic Disease 278 Laboratory Testing in Rheumatic Diseases279 Imaging Studies in Rheumatic Diseases 280 Connective Tissue Structure andFunction 281 Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissues 282 InheritedInflammatory Disorders 283 Osteoarthritis 284 Bursitis, Tendonitis, and OtherPeriarticular Disorders, and Sports Medicine 285 Rheumatoid Arthritis 286 TheSpondyloarthropathies 287 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 288 Scleroderma(Systemic Sclerosis) 289 Sjogren's Syndrome 290 Polymyositis andDermatomyositis 291 The Systemic Vasculitides 292 Polymyalgia Rheumatica andTemporal Arteritis 293 Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones 294 CrystalDeposition Diseases 295 Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome296 Amyloidosis 297 Systemic Diseases in which Arthritis is a Feature298 Multifocal Fibrosclerosis 299 Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases300 Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Threats 301 Host-PathogenInteractions 302 Principles of Anti-infective Therapy 303 Approach to Feveror Suspected Infection in the Normal Host 304 Approach to Fever or SuspectedInfection in the Compromised Host 305 Approach to the Patient withHealthcare-associated Infections 306 Approach to the Patient with SuspectedEnteric Infection 307 Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection308 Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Disease 309 Approachto the Patient Before and After Travel 310 Antibacterial Therapy311 Staphylococcal Infections 312 Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections313 Non-pneumococcal Streptococcal Infections 314 Rheumatic Fever315 Enterococcal Infections 316 Diphtheria and Other CorynebacteriaInfections 317 Listeria Infections 318 Anthrax and Other Bacillus Infections319 Erysipelothrix Infections 320 Clostridial Infections321 Non-spore-forming Anaerobic and Mixed Anaerobic Infections 322 Neisseriameningitidis Infections 323 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections 324 Hemophilusinfluenzae and Moraxella Infections 325 Hemophilus ducreyi Infections(Chancroid) 326 Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections 327 CampylobacterInfections 328 Escherichia coli and Other Enterobacteriaceae Infections329 Pseudomonas and related Gram-negative Bacillary Infections 330 SalmonellaInfections 331 Shigella Infections 332 Brucella Infections 333 Tularemia andOther Francisella Infections 334 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections335 Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections 336 Legionella Infections337 Bartonella Infections 338 Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)339 Mycoplasma Infection 340 Chlamydia Infections 341 Treponema Infection(Syphilis) 342 Nonsyphilitic Treponema Infections 343 Borrelia burgdorferiInfection (Lyme Disease) 344 Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections345 Leptospira Infection 346 Tuberculosis 347 Other Mycobacterioses348 Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) 349 Rickettsia Infections 350 Zoonoses351 Actinomycosis 352 Nocardiosis 353 Antifungal Therapy 354 Histoplasmosis355 Coccidioidomycosis 356 Blastomycosis 357 Paracoccidioidomycosis358 Cryptococcosis 359 Sporotrichosis 360 Candidiasis 361 Aspergillosis362 Mucormycosis 363 Pneumocystis carinii 364 Mycetoma 365 DematiaceousFungal Infection 366 Antiparasitic Therapy 367 Malaria 368 AfricanTrypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) 369 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas'Disease) 370 Leishmaniasis 371 Toxoplasmosis 372 Cryptosporidiosis373 Giardiasis 374 Amebiasis 375 Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases376 Cestode Infections 377 Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) 378 Liver,Intestinal, and Lung Fluke Infections 379 Nematode Infections 380 Filariasis381 Arthropods and Leeches 382 Venomous Snake Bites 383 Venoms and Poisonsfrom Marine Organisms 384 Antiviral Therapy (Non-AIDS) 385 Rhinovirus386 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 387 Parainfluenza Viral Diseases388 Influenza Virus 389 Adenovirus 390 Coronavirus 391 Rubeola Virus(Measles) 392 Rubella (German Measles) 393 Mumps Virus 394 Slow VirusInfections 395 Parvovirus 396 Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxviruses397 Papillomavirus 398 Herpes Simplex and Other Human Herpesviruses399 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox, Shingles) 400 Cytomegalovirus401 Epstein-Barr Virus Infection 402 Human T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses TypesI and II 403 Enteroviruses (Poliovirus, Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, andOthers) 404 Rotavirus, Norviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses405 Hemorrhagic Fevers 406 Arthropod-Borne Viruses 407 HIV Infection and AIDSGlobal Overview 408 Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infections 409 Biology of HumanImmunodeficiency Viruses 410 Epidemiology of HIV Infection and AIDS411 Prevention of HIV Infection 412 Treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS413 Clinical Manifestations of HIV and AIDS 414 Pulmonary Manifestations ofHIV/AIDS 415 Skin Manifestations in Patients with HIV Infection416 Hematology and Oncology in HIV/AIDS Patients 417 NeurologicManifestations of HIV/AIDS 418 Approach to the Patient with NeurologicalDisease 419 Radiologic Imaging Procedures 420 Psychiatric Disorders inMedical Practice 421 Headaches and Other Head Pain 422 Head and Spinal CordInjury 423 Spine, Disc, Spinal Cord, and Spinal Root Disease 424 RegionalCerebral Dysfunction 425 Alzheimer's Disease and Other Disorders of Cognition426 The Epilepsies 427 Syncope 428 Coma, Persistent Vegetative State, andBrain Death 429 Disorders of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms 430 Approach toCerebrovascular Diseases 431 Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease 432 HemorrhagicCerebrovascular Disease 433 Parkinsonism 434 Other Movement Disorders435 Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases 436 MultipleSclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions of the Central Nervous System437 Meningitis: Bacterial, Viral, and Other 438 Brain Abscess andParameningeal Infections 439 Encephalitis 440 Poliomyelitis 441 Rabies442 Prion Diseases 443 Nutritional and Alcohol Related Neurologic Disorders444 Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders 445 AutonomicDisorders and Their Management 446 Peripheral Neuropathies 447 MuscleDiseases 448 Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission 449 Diseases of theVisual System 450 Neuro-Ophthalmology 451 Diseases of the Mouth and SalivaryGlands 452 Approach to the Patient with Ear, Nose, and Sinus Conditions453 Smell and Taste 454 Hearing and Equilibrium 455 Throat Disorders456 Principles of Medical Consultation 457 Preoperative Evaluation458 Overview of Anesthesia 459 Postoperative Care and Complications460 Medical Consultation in Psychiatry 461 Structure and Function of the Skin462 Examination of the Skin and Approach to Diagnosing Skin Diseases463 Principles of Therapy 464 Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous(Including Fungal) Diseases and Figurate Erythemas 465 Macular, Papular,Vesiculobullous, and Pustular Diseases 466 Urticaria, Cutaneous DrugHypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases467 Infections, Hyper- and Hypopigmentation, Regional Dermatology, andDistinctive Lesions in Black Skin 468 Reference Intervals and Laboratory Value