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ATOM ECONOMY – PRINCIPLES AND SOME EXAMPLES Introduction Principle of Atom Economy Atom Economical by Design: Examples of Reactions Relying on C–H Activation Conclusion CATALYSIS INVOLVING FLUOROUS PHASES: FUNDAMENTALS AND DIRECTIONS FOR GREENER METHODOLOGIES Introduction Directions for Greener Fluorous Methodologies Solvents for Fluorous Chemistry Ponytails and Partition Coefficients Specific Examples of Catalyst Recovery that Exploit Temperature–dependent Solubilities Specific Examples of Catalyst Recovery that Exploit Fluorous Solid Phases Summary and Perspective CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS OF IRON–TAML CATALYSTS IN GREEN OXIDATION PROCESSES BASED ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Introduction Properties of Fe–TAMLs and Mechanisms of Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide Applications of Fe–TAMLs Conclusion MICROWAVE–ACCELERATED HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS IN WATER Introduction Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions The Stille Reaction The Hiyama Cross–Coupling Reaction The Heck Reaction Carbonylation Reactions The Sonogashira Reaction Aryl–Nitrogen Couplings Aryl–Oxygen Couplings Miscellaneous Transformations Conclusion IONIC LIQUIDS AND CATALYSIS: THE IFP BIPHASIC DIFASOL PROCESS Introduction The Solvent in Catalytic Reactions The Catalytic Oligomerization of Olefins The Biphasic Difasol Process Conclusion IMMOBILIZATION AND COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS Introduction Soluble Dendrimer–bound Homogeneous Catalysts Polymer–bound Homogeneous Catalysts Conclusion and Outlook INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF HOMOGENEOUS ENANTIOSELECTIVE CATALYSTS Introduction and Scope Critical Factors for the Technical Application of Homogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts Industrial Processes: General Comments Hydrogenation of C=C Bonds Hydrogenation of C=O Bonds Hydrogenation of C=N Bonds Oxidation Processes Miscellaneous Transformations (Isomerization, Addition Reactions to C=C, C=O and C=N Bonds, Opening of Oxacycles) Conclusions and Future Developments HYDROGENATION FOR C–C BOND FORMATION By–product–free C–C Coupling and the Departure from Preformed Organometallic Reagents Hydrogenative Vinylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines Hydrogenative Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds Hydrogenative Aldol and Mannich Additions Hydrogenative Acyl Substitution (Reductive Hydroacylation) Hydrogenative Carbocyclization Future Directions ORGANOCATALYSIS Introduction Catalysts Reactions Conclusion PALLADACYCLES IN CATALYSIS Introduction Catalyst Precursors for C–C and C–X (Heteroatom) Coupling Reactions Other Catalytic Reactions Catalyzed by Palladacycles Conclusion HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST DESIGN FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALIPHATIC POLYCARBONATES AND POLYESTERS Introduction Synthesis of Aliphatic Polycarbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyesters THE AEROBIC OXIDATION OF p–XYLENE TO TEREPHTHALIC ACID: A CLASSIC CASE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY IN ACTION Introduction Methods of Making Terephthalic Acid Using Stoichiometric Reagents Methods for Preparing Terephthalic Acid Using Cobalt Acetate and Dioxygen in Acetic Acid Adding Bromide to Improve Terephthalic Acid Production Using Cobalt and Manganese Acetates in Acetic Acid Potential Processes Using Water as a Solvent Summary and Final Comments