内容

目次

Part I. Popular Ideas About Language: 1. The prescriptive tradition 2. The equality of languages 3. The magic of language 4. The functions of language 5. Language and thought Part II. Language and Identity: 6. Physical identity 7. Psychological identity 8. Geographical identity 9. Ethnic and national identity 10. Social identity 11 Contextual identity 12. Stylistic identity and literature Part III. The Structure of Language: 13. Linguistic levels 14. Typology and universals 15. The statistical structure of language 16. Grammar 17. Semantics 18. Dictionaries 19. Names 20. Discourse and text 21. Pragmatics Part IV. The Medium of Language: Speaking and Listening: 22. The anatomy and physiology of speech 23. The acoustics of speech 24. The instrumental analysis of speech 25. Speech reception 26. Speech interaction with machines 27. The sounds of speech 28. The linguistic use of sound 29. Suprasegmentals 30. Sound symbolism Part V. The Medium of Language: Writing and Reading: 31. Written and spoken language 32. Graphic expression 33. Graphology 34. The process of reading and writing Part VI. The Medium of Language: Signing and Seeing: 35. Sign language 36. Sign language structure 37. Types of sign language Part VII. Child Language Acquisition: 38. Investigating children's language 39. The first year 40. Phonological development 41. Grammatical development 42. Semantic development 43. Pragmatic development 44. Language development in school Part VIII. Language, Brain, and Disability: 45. Language and the brain 46. Language disability Part IX. The Languages of the World: 47. How many languages? 48. How many speakers? 49. The origins of language 50. Families of language 51. The Indo-European family 52. Other families 53. Language isolates 54. Language change 55. Pidgins and creoles Part X. Language in the World: 56. The language barrier 57. Translating and interpreting 58. Artificial languages 59. World languages 60. Multilingualism 61. Language planning 62. Foreign language teaching and learning 63. Language for special purposes PartXI. Language and Communication: 64. Language and other communication systems 65. Linguistics Appendices: I. Glossary II. Special symbols and abbreviations III. Table of the world's languages IV. Further reading V. Index of languages, families, dialects, and scripts VI. Index of authors and personalities VII. Index of topics Acknowledgements.