目次

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Why Translation? 1.2 About This Book 1.3 What Is Translation? 1.4 Translatability 1.5 Translation Direction 1.6 Translator Competence Chapter 2 Kinds of Meaning I 2.1 Propositional Meaning 2.1.1 Proper Nouns 2.1.2 Polysemy 2.1.3 Synonymy 2.1.4 Hyponymy 2.2 Presupposed Meaning 2.3 Expressive Meaning 2.4 Indexical Meaning 2.4.1 Indexicality 2.4.2 Phatic Communion 2.4.3 Register Chapter 3 Kinds of Meaning II 3.1 Symbolic Meaning 3.2 Allusive Meaning 3.3 Associative and Collocative Meaning 3.4 Textual Meaning 3.5 Figurative Meaning 3.5.1 Simile 3.5.2 Metaphor 3.5.3 Metonymy 3.6 Speech Acts 3.7 Ambiguity and Vagueness 3.7.1 Ambiguity 3.7.2 Vagueness Chapter 4 Discourse Genre 4.1 Narrative Discourse 4.1.1 General Characteristics 4.1.2 Tense and Aspect 4.1.3 Free Indirect Style 4.2 Procedural Discourse 4.3 Expository Discourse 4.4 Descriptive Discourse 4.5 Hortatory Discourse 4.6 Repartee Discourse 4.7 Reiss’ Classification Chapter 5 Understanding the Source Text 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Reading as Constructing Meaning 5.3 Predicates and Arguments 5.4 Argument Recovery 5.4.1 Wa and Ga 5.4.2 Connectives 5.5 Noun Modification 5.5.1 Internally-Headed Relative Clause 5.5.2 Gapless Relative Clause 5.5.3 Multi-layered Relative Clause 5.6 Complex Sentences 5.7 Evidentiality and Egocentricity 5.7.1 Evidentiality 5.7.2 Egocentricity 5.8 Ambiguity Revisited Chapter 6 Translation Techniques 6.1 Vinay and Darbelnet’s Categorization 6.1.1 Borrowing 6.1.2 Calque 6.1.3 Literal Translation 6.1.4 Transposition 6.1.5 Modulation 6.1.6 Equivalence 6.1.7 Adaptation 6.2 Translation by Omission 6.3 Information Addition/Deletion & Offsetting the Loss 6.4 Contrustive Rhetoric 6.4.1 Text Organization 6.4.2 Paragraph 6.4.3 Verbiage 6.1.4 Phaticism Chapter 7 Translation Studies 7.1 Premodern Translation Theories 7.2 Mid-Twentieth Century Translation Theories 7.3 Skopos Theory 7.4 The Negative Analytic 7.4.1 Rationalization 7.4.2 Clarification 7.4.3 Expansion 7.4.4 Ennoblement 7.4.5 The Destruction of Vernacular Networks or Their Exoticization 7.5 Recent Approaches 7.5.1 Cultural Communication 7.4.2 Formation of Cultural Identity Chapter 8 Translation Projects 8.1 The Translation Situation 8.1.1 The Initiator and His/Her Skopos 8.1.2 The Author, His/Her Skopos, and the Spatiotemporal Location 8.1.3 Audiences 8.1.4 Other Factors 8.1.5 Case Study 8.2 Reading the Source Text 8.3 Research 8.4 Writing and Revising the Target Text 8.5 Working as a Team 8.6 Translation Evaluation 8.6.1 Evaluation Criteria 8.6.2 ATA Certification Program 8.7 Concluding Remarks Appendix A Romanization Appendix B ATA Certification Program Error Marking Sheet Appendix C ATA Flowchart for Error Point Decisions Appendix D Answer Key References Index