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Acknowledgments xi Contributors xii Introduction xxi Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie Part I Overview and Foundations 1 Introduction 3 Tej K. Bhatia 1 Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Some Central Concepts 5 John Edwards 2 Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Bilingualism and Multilingualism Research 26 Li Wei Part II Neurological and Psychological Aspects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism 53 Introduction 55 William C. Ritchie The Neurology of Bilingualism and Multilingualism 59 3 Bilingual Aphasia: Theoretical and Clinical Considerations 61 Elizabeth Ijalba, Loraine K. Obler, and Shyamala Chengappa Approaches to Bilingualism, Multilingualism, and Second-Language Acquisition 85 4 The Bilingual Child 87 Ludovica Serratrice 5 Bilingualism/Multilingualism and Second-Language Acquisition 109 Yuko Goto Butler 6 Multilingualism: New Perspectives on Syntactic Development 137 Eva Berkes and Suzanne Flynn 7 Bilingualism and the Heritage Language Speaker 168 Silvina Montrul Bilingual and Multilingual Language Use: Knowledge, Comprehension, and Production 191 8 Two Linguistic Systems in Contact: Grammar, Phonology, and Lexicon 193 Pieter Muysken 9 The Comprehension of Words and Sentences in Two Languages 216 Judith F. Kroll and Paola E. Dussias 10 An Appraisal of the Bilingual Language Production System: Quantitatively or Qualitatively Different from Monolinguals? 244 Elin Runnqvist, Ian FitzPatrick, Kristof Strijkers, and Albert Costa Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Memory, Cognition, and Emotion 267 11 Bilingual Memory 269 Roberto R. Heredia and Jeffrey M. Brown 12 Bilingualism and Emotion: Implications for Mental Health 292 Ines Martinovic and Jeanette Altarriba The Bilingual’s and Multilingual’s Repertoire: Code-Mixing, Code-Switching, and Communication Accommodation 321 13 Code-Switching and Grammatical Theory 323 Jeff MacSwan 14 Sign Language-Spoken Language Bilingualism and the Derivation of Bimodally Mixed Sentences 351 Gerald P. Berent 15 Social and Psychological Factors in Language Mixing 375 William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia 16 Accommodating Multilinguality 391 Itesh Sachdev, Howard Giles, and Anne Pauwels 17 Bilingualism and Gesture 417 Marianne Gullberg Part III Societal Bilingualism/Multilingualism and its Effects 439 Introduction 441 Tej K. Bhatia Language Contact, Maintenance, and Endangerment 443 18 The Bilingual and Multilingual Community 445 Suzanne Romaine 19 Language Maintenance, Language Shift, and Reversing Language Shift 466 Joshua A. Fishman 20 Linguistic Imperialism and Endangered Languages 495 Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 21 Multilingualism, Indigenization, and Creolization 517 Jeff Siegel 22 Multilingualism and Family Welfare 542 Xiao-Lei Wang Bilingualism and Multilingualism: The Media, Education, Literacy, and the Law 563 23 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in the Global Media and Advertising 565 Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie 24 Bilingual Education 598 Wayne E. Wright 25 The Impact of Bilingualism on Language and Literacy Development 624 Ellen Bialystok 26 Bilingualism and Writing Systems 649 Benedetta Bassetti 27 Multilingualism and Forensic Linguistics 671 Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie Part IV Global Perspectives and Challenges: Case Studies 701 Introduction 703 William C. Ritchie 28 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in North America 707 William F. Mackey 29 Bilingualism in Latin America 725 Anna Maria Escobar 30 Bilingualism in Europe 745 Andree Tabouret-Keller 31 Turkish as an Immigrant Language in Europe 770 Ad Backus 32 Multilingualism in Southern Africa 791 Nkonko M. Kamwangamalu 33 Multilingualism in Greater China and the Chinese Language Diaspora 813 Sherman Lee and David C. S. Li 34 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in South Asia 843 Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie 35 Multilingualism and Language Renewal in Ex-Soviet Central Asia 871 Birgit N. Schlyter 36 Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Middle East and North Africa: A Focus on Cross-National and Diglossic Bilingualism/Multilingualism 899 Judith Rosenhouse Index 920