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CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments Section I: Foundations of Heritage, Community, and Native American Language Education IntroductionTerrence G. Wiley, Joy Kreeft Peyton, Donna Christian, Sarah Catherine K. Moore, and Na Liu 1. Demographic Realities, Challenges, and OpportunitiesMolly Fee, Nancy C. Rhodes, and Terrence G. Wiley2. The Problem of Defining Heritage and Community Languages and Their Speakers: On the Utility and Limitations of Definitional ConstructsTerrence G. Wiley3. Heritage Language Students: Profiles and PossibilitiesGuadalupe Valdés4. Three Hundred-Plus Years of Heritage Language Education in the United StatesJoshua A. Fishman5. Policy Considerations for Promoting Heritage, Community, and Native American LanguagesTerrence G. Wiley6. Documenting Language Loss and Endangerment: Research Tools and ApproachesJoseph Lo Bianco7. Professional Opportunities for Heritage Language SpeakersMaría Carreira8. Research on Heritage Language IssuesNelleke Van Deusen-Scholl Section II: Commonly Taught Languages IntroductionOfelia García 9. Spanish in the United StatesKim Potowski10. French Heritage Language Communities in the United StatesJane F. Ross and Fabrice Jaumont11. German as a Heritage Language in the United StatesRenate Ludanyi12. Italian and Italians in the United StatesAnna De Fina13. Portuguese Heritage Bilingualism in the United StatesJason Rothman and Tiffany Judy Section III: Critical and Less Commonly Taught Languages IntroductionScott McGinnis 14. Arabic in the United StatesJeff Bale15. Being “Critical:” Implications for Chinese Heritage Language SchoolsShuhan C. Wang16. The Journey of Hindi in the United StatesSurendra and Vijay Gambhir17.Russian Heritage Language Learners: From Students’ Profiles to Project-Based CurriculumOlga Kagan Section IV: Native American Languages          IntroductionTeresa L. McCarty 18. NavajoLarisa Warhol and Jeston Morris19. Pueblo Languages of the SouthwestChristine Sims20. Oowaaha Myaamiaataweenki: Miami is Spoken HereDaryl Baldwin21. Hawaiian: A Native American Language Official for a StateWilliam H. Wilson22. Warm Springs LanguagesValerie Switzler and Erin Flynn Haynes Section V: Languages with Strong Community Connections  IntroductionSarah J. Shin 23. Japanese in the United StatesKimi Kondo-Brown24. Community Support for Korean as a Heritage Language in the United StatesJin Sook Lee25. Yiddish: A Jewish Language in the DiasporaNetta Avineri26. American Sign Language as a Heritage LanguageSarah E. Compton27. KhmerWayne E. Wright28. Filipino in the United States: Heritage Language PerspectivesJoseph Axel Section VI: Promotion of Heritage, Community, and Native American Languages IntroductionWayne E. Wright 29. Digital Stories in Heritage Language Education: Empowering Heritage Language Learners Through a Pedagogy of MultiliteraciesPolina Vinogradova30. Heritage Language Development and Identity Construction Throughout the Life CycleAgnes Weiyun He31. Stakeholder Views of Community-based Heritage Language Programs: Chinese and Korean CasesNa Liu and Byeong-Keun You32. Program Models for Heritage Language EducationSarah Catherine K. Moore33. Assessment of Heritage Language Learners: Issues and DirectionsMargaret E. Malone, Joy Kreeft Peyton, and Katie Kim34. Preparing Teachers to Work With Heritage Language LearnersAna María Schwartz Caballero35. Funding for Heritage Language ProgramsSarah Catherine K. Moore AfterwordHeritage, Community, and Native American Language Education: Looking to the FutureJoy Kreeft Peyton and Donna Christian Contributors Index