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The Foundations of Biochemistry PART I: STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS Water Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins Protein Function Enzymes Carbohydrates and Glycobiology Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids DNA-Based Information Technologies Lipids Biological Membranes and Transport Biosignaling PART II: BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Principles of Metabolic Regulation The Citric Acid Cycle Fatty Acid Catabolism Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria Lipid Biosynthesis Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism PART III: INFORMATION PATHWAYS Genes and Chromosomes DNA Metabolism RNA Metabolism Protein Metabolism Regulation of Gene Expression