内容

目次

PROPERTIES AND USE OF MICROREACTORS Introduction Physical Characteristics of Microreactors Fluid Flow and Delivery Regimes Multifunctional Integration Uses of Microreactors FABRICATION OF MICROREACTORS MADE FROM METALS AND CERAMIC Manufacturing Techniques for Metals Etching Machining Generative Method: Selective Laser Melting Metal Forming Techniques Assembling and Bonding of Metal Microstructures Ceramic Devices Joining and Sealing MICROREACTORS MADE OF GLASS AND SILICON How Microreactors Are Constructed The Structuring of Glass and Silicon Isotropic Wet Chemical Etching of Silicon Other Processes Thin Films Bonding Methods Other Materials AUTOMATION IN MICROREACTOR SYSTEMS Introduction Automation System Automated Optimization with HPLC Sampling Automated Multi–Trajectory Optimization Kinetic Model Discrimination and Parameter Fitting Conclusions and Outlook HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS Acid–Promoted Reactions Base–Promoted Reactions Radical Reactions Condensation Reactions Metal–Catalyzed Reactions High Temperature Reactions Oxidation Reactions Reaction with Organometallic Reagents HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS II: PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL SYNTHESIS Photochemistry in Flow Reactors Electrochemistry in Microreactors Radiopharmaceutical Synthesis in Microreactors Conclusion and Outlook HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS Arrangement of Reactors in Flow Synthesis Immobilization of the Reagent/Catalyst Flow Reactions with an Immobilized Stoichiometric Reagent Flow Synthesis with Immobilized Catalysts: Solid Acid Catalysts Flow Reaction with an Immobilized Catalyst: Transition Metal Catalysts Dispersed on Polymer Flow Reaction with an Immobilized Catalyst: Metal Catalysts Coordinated by a Polymer–Supported Ligand Organocatalysis in Flow Reactions Flow Biotransformation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Enzymes Multistep Synthesis Conclusion LIQUID – LIQUID BIPHASIC REACTIONS Introduction Background Kinetics of Biphasic Systems Biphasic Flow in Microchannels Surface and Liquid – Liquid Interaction Liquid – Liquid Microsystems in Organic Synthesis Micromixer Conclusions and Outlook GAS – LIQUID REACTIONS Introduction Contacting Principles and Microreactors Gas – Liquid Reactions Gas – Liquid – Solid Reactions Homogeneously Catalyzed Gas – Liquid Reactions Other Applications Conclusions and Outlook BIOORGANIC AND BIOCATALYTIC REACTIONS General Introduction Bioorganic Syntheses Performed in Microreactors Biocatalysis by Enzymatic Microreactors Multienzyme Catalysis in Microreactors Conclusions INDUSTRIAL MICROREACTOR PROCESS DEVELOPMENT UP TO PRODUCTION Mission Statement from Industry on Impact and Hurdles Screening Studies in Laboratory Process Development at Laboratory Scale Pilot Plants and Production Challenges and Concerns