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Acknowledgments to Sources viii About the Editor x Preface xi Acknowledgments xiv Introduction: The Anthropology of Climate Change Six Millennia of Study of the Relationship between Climate and Society 1 Michael R. Dove Part I Continuities 37 Climate Theory 1 Airs, Waters, Places 41 Hippocrates 2 On the Laws in Their Relation to the Nature of the Climate 47 Charles de Secondat Montesquieu Beyond the Greco–Roman Tradition 3 The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 55 Ibn Khaldûn 4 The Jungle and the Aroma of Meats: An Ecological Theme in Hindu Medicine 67 Francis Zimmermann Ethno–climatology 5 Concerning Weather Signs 83 Theophrastus 6 Gruff Boreas, Deadly Calms: A Medical Perspective on Winds and the Victorians 87 Vladimir Jankoviæ Part II Societal and Environmental Change 103 Environmental Determinism 7 Nature, Rise, and Spread of Civilization 107 Friedrich Ratzel 8 Environment and Culture in the Amazon Basin: An Appraisal of the Theory of Environmental Determinism 115 Betty J. Meggers Climate Change and Societal Collapse 9 Management for Extinction in Norse Greenland 131 Thomas H. McGovern 10 What Drives Societal Collapse? 151 Harvey Weiss and Raymond Bradley Climatic Events as Social Crucibles 11 Natural Disaster and Political Crisis in a Polynesian Society: An Exploration of Operational Research 157 James Spillius 12 Drought as a “Revelatory Crisis”: An Exploration of Shifting Entitlements and Hierarchies in the Kalahari, Botswana 168 Jacqueline S. Solway Part III Vulnerability and Control 187 Culture and Control of Climate 13 Rain–Shrines of the Plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia 191 Elizabeth Colson 14 El Niño, Early Peruvian Civilization, and Human Agency: Some Thoughts from the Lurin Valley 201 Richard L. Burger Climatic Disasters and Social Marginalization 15 Katrina: The Disaster and its Doubles 217 Nancy Scheper–Hughes 16 “Nature”, “Culture” and Disasters: Floods and Gender in Bangladesh 223 Rosalind Shaw Part IV Knowledge and its Circulation 235 Emic Views of Climatic Perturbation/Disaster 17 Typhoons on Yap 239 David M. Schneider 18 The Politics of Place: Inhabiting and Defending Glacier Hazard Zones in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca 247 Mark Carey Co–production of Knowledge in Climatic and Social Histories 19 Melting Glaciers and Emerging Histories in the Saint Elias Mountains 261 Julie Cruikshank 20 The Making and Unmaking of Rains and Reigns 276 Todd Sanders “Friction” in the Global Circulation of Climate Knowledge 21 Transnational Locals: Brazilian Experiences of the Climate Regime 301 Myanna Lahsen 22 Channeling Globality: The 1997–98 El Niño Climate Event in Peru 315 Kenneth Broad and Ben Orlove Index 335