目次

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Statistics and Types of Statistics 2 Case Study 1–1 How Much Did Companies Spend on Ads in 2011? 3 Case Study 1–2 How Women Rate Their Lives 4 1.2 Population Versus Sample 5 Case Study 1–3 Are We Becoming Less “Green?” 7 1.3 Basic Terms 8 1.4 Types of Variables 10 1.5 Cross–Section Versus Time–Series Data 12 1.6 Sources of Data 14 1.7 Summation Notation 15 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Project/ Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 2 Organizing and Graphing Data 28 2.1 Organizing and Graphing Qualitative Data 29 Case Study 2–1 Will Today’s Children Be Better Off Than Their Parents? 32 Case Study 2–2 Employees’ Overall Financial Stress Levels 33 2.2 Organizing and Graphing Quantitative Data 36 Case Study 2–3 How Long Does Your Typical One–Way Commute Take? 42 Case Study 2–4 How Much Does It Cost to Insure a Car? 43 Case Study 2–5 How Many Cups of Coffee Do You Drink a Day? 46 2.3 Cumulative Frequency Distributions 54 2.4 Stem–and–Leaf Displays 57 2.5 Dotplots 62 Uses and Misuses / Glossary /Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 3 Numerical Descriptive Measures 85 3.1 Measures of Central Tendency for Ungrouped Data 86 Case Study 3–1 Average NFL Ticket Prices in the Secondary Market 89 Case Study 3–2 Average Is Over 90 Case Study 3–3 Education Pays 92 3.2 Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data 99 3.3 Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation for Grouped Data 106 3.4 Use of Standard Deviation 113 Case Study 3–4 Does Spread Mean the Same as Variability and Dispersion? 116 3.5 Measures of Position 118 3.6 Box–and–Whisker Plot 123 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Appendix 3.1 / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 4 Probability 146 4.1 Experiment, Outcome, and Sample Space 147 4.2 Calculating Probability 152 4.3 Marginal Probability, Conditional Probability, and Related Probability Concepts 158 Case Study 4–1 Do You Worry About Your Weight? 162 4.4 Intersection of Events and the Multiplication Rule 170 4.5 Union of Events and the Addition Rule 179 4.6 Counting Rule, Factorials, Combinations, and Permutations 187 Case Study 4–2 Probability of Winning a Mega Millions Lottery Jackpot 192 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 5 Discrete Random Variables and Their Probability Distributions 209 5.1 Random Variables 210 5.2 Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable 212 5.3 Mean and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable 219 Case Study 5–1 $1,000 Downpour 221 5.4 The Binomial Probability Distribution 226 5.5 The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution 239 5.6 The Poisson Probability Distribution 242 Case Study 5–2 Global Birth and Death Rates 246 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 6 Continuous Random Variables and the Normal Distribution 264 6.1 Continuous Probability Distribution and the Normal Probability Distribution 265 Case Study 6–1 Distribution of Time Taken to Run a Road Race 269 6.2 Standardizing a Normal Distribution 281 6.3 Applications of the Normal Distribution 287 6.4 Determining the z and x Values When an Area Under the Normal Distribution Curve Is Known 292 6.5 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution 297 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Appendix 6.1 / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 7 Sampling Distributions 320 7.1 Sampling Distribution, Sampling Error, and Nonsampling Errors 321 7.2 Mean and Standard Deviation of x– 326 7.3 Shape of the Sampling Distribution of x– 330 7.4 Applications of the Sampling Distribution of x– 336 7.5 Population and Sample Proportions; and Mean, Standard Deviation, and Shape of the Sampling Distribution of ˆp 341 7.6 Applications of the Sampling Distribution of ˆp 348 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 8 Estimation of the Mean and Proportion 360 8.1 Estimation, Point Estimate, and Interval Estimate 361 8.2 Estimation of a Population Mean: Known 364 Case Study 8–1 How Much Did Registered Nurses Earn in 2011? 370 8.3 Estimation of a Population Mean: Not Known 374 8.4 Estimation of a Population Proportion: Large Samples 383 Case Study 8–2 Do You Bring Your Lunch From Home? 386 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 9 Hypothesis Tests About the Mean and Proportion 404 9.1 Hypothesis Tests: An Introduction 405 9.2 Hypothesis Tests About: Known 413 Case Study 9–1 Average Student Debt for the Class of 2010 422 9.3 Hypothesis Tests About: Not Known 427 9.4 Hypothesis Tests About a Population Proportion: Large Samples 437 Case Study 9–2 Is Raising Taxes on the Rich Fair? 443 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 10 Estimation and Hypothesis Testing: Two Populations 462 10.1 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means for Independent Samples: 1 and 2 Known 463 10.2 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means for Independent Samples: 1 and 2 Unknown but Equal 470 Case Study 10–1 One–Way Commute Times For Six Cities 476 10.3 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means for Independent Samples: 1 and 2 Unknown and Unequal 480 10.4 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means for Paired Samples 487 10.5 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Proportions for Large and Independent Samples 496 Case Study 10–2 Do You Worry About Your Weight? 501 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 11 Chi–Square Tests 521 11.1 The Chi–Square Distribution 522 11.2 A Goodness–of–Fit Test 525 Case Study 11–1 Are People on Wall Street Honest and Moral? 530 11.3 A Test of Independence or Homogeneity 534 11.4 Inferences About the Population Variance 546 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 12 Analysis of Variance 566 12.1 The F Distribution 567 12.2 One–Way Analysis of Variance 569 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 13 Simple Linear Regression 591 13.1 Simple Linear Regression 592 Case Study 13–1 Regression of Weights on Heights for NFL Players 601 13.2 Standard Deviation of Errors and Coefficient of Determination 608 13.3 Inferences About B 614 13.4 Linear Correlation 620 13.5 Regression Analysis: A Complete Example 626 13.6 Using the Regression Model 633 Uses and Misuses / Glossary / Supplementary Exercises / Advanced Exercises / Self–Review Test / Mini–Projects / Decide for Yourself / Technology Instruction / Technology Assignments CHAPTER 14 Multiple Regression 651 This chapter is not included in this text but is available for download from WileyPLUS or from www.wiley.com/college/mann. CHAPTER 15 Nonparametric Methods 652 This chapter is not included in this text but is available for download from WileyPLUS or from www.wiley.com/college/mann. APPENDIX A Sample Surveys, Sampling Techniques, And Design Of Experiments A1 A.1 Sources of Data A1 A.2 Sample Surveys and Sampling Techniques A3 A.3 Design of Experiments A9 Advanced Exercises/Glossary APPENDIX B Explanation Of Data Sets B1 Data Set I: City Data B1 Data Set II: Data on States B3 Data Set III: NFL Data B3 Data Set IV: Beach to Beacon 10k Road Race Data B3 Data Set V: Sample of 500 Observations Selected From Beach to Beacon 10k Road Race Data B4 Data Set VI: Data on Movies B4 Data Set VII: Standard & Poor’s 100 Index Data B4 Data Set VIII: McDonald’s Data B4 Data Set IX: Candidate Data B5 Data Set X: Kickers2010 Data B6 Data Set XI: Billboard Data B6 Data Set XII: Motorcycle Data B6 Data Set XIII: Simulated Data B7 APPENDIX C Statistical Tables C1 Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities C2 Table II Values of e C11 Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities C13 Table IV Standard Normal Distribution Table C19 Table V The t Distribution Table C21 Table VI Chi–Square Distribution Table C23 Table VII The F Distribution Table C24 Tables VIII through XII (listed below) are available from WileyPLUS or from www.wiley.com/college/mann. Table VIII Critical Values of X for the Sign Test Table IX Critical Values of T for the Wilcoxon Signed–Rank Test Table X Critical Values of T for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test Table XI Critical Values for the Spearman Rho Rank Correlation Coefficient Test Table XII Critical Values for a Two–Tailed Runs Test with A .05 ANSWERS TO SELECTED ODD–NUMBERED EXERCISES AND SELF REVIEW TESTS AN1 INDEX I1