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VOLUME I: THE RACE AND CRIME DEBATE I: HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES PART 1. Historical and Conceptual Origins: The Emergence of Racial Hierarchies 1. M. Biddiss, ‘Gobineau and the Origins of European Racism’, in M. Bulmer and J. Solomos (eds.), Racism (Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 49–52. 2. C. Lombroso, ‘Crime and Prostitution Among Savages’, Criminal Man [1884], translated and with a new introduction by Mary Gibson and Nicole Hahn Rafter (Duke University Press, 2006), pp. 175–82. 3. E. Eze, ‘Innate Characteristics of the Human Being Considered Throughout the Whole World’, Race and the Enlightenment: A Reader (Blackwell, 1997), pp. 62–64. 4. R. J. Herrnstein and C. Murray, ‘Ethnic Differences on Indicators of Social Problems’, Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (The Free Press, 1994), pp. 327–39. PART 2. Resisting the Race to the Bottom 5. C. Shaw and H. Mckay, ‘Population Composition in Relation to Rates of Delinquents’, Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas (University of Chicago Press, 1942), pp. 146–58. 6. K. Pryce, Endless Pressure: A Study of West Indian Life-Styles in Bristol (Bristol Classical, 1979), pp. 58–79, 188–201. 7. S. Hall, C. Critcher, T. Jefferson, J. Clarke, and B. Roberts, ‘The Politics of Mugging’, Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order (Macmillan, 1978), pp. 328–39, 389–97. 8. P. Waddington, ‘Mugging as a Moral Panic: A Question of Proportionality’, British Journal of Sociology, 1986, 37, 2, 245–59. 9. P. Gilroy, ‘Police and Thieves’, Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (ed.), The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain (Routledge, 1982), pp. 143–82. 10. D. J. Smith and J. Gray, ‘Relations with the Ethnic Minorities and the Young’, The Police in Action (Policy Studies Institute, 1983), pp. 331–7. 11. M. Keith, ‘Front Line Policing in the 1980s’, Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a Multi-Racist Society (UCL Press, 1993), pp. 122–33, 134–46. 12. J. Benyon, ‘Interpretations of Civil Disorder’, in J. Benyon and J. Solomos (eds.), The Roots of Urban Unrest (Pergamon, 1987), pp. 23–38. 13. M. Cain and S. Sadigh, ‘Racism, the Police and Community Policing: A Comment on the Scarman Report’, Journal of Law and Society, 1982, 9, 1, 87–102. 14. S. Holdaway, ‘The Police and the People’, Inside the British Police (Blackwell, 1983), pp. 66–71. 15. D. J. Smith, ‘The Origins of Black Hostility to the Police’, Policing and Society, 1991, 2, 1, 1–15. VOLUME II: THE RACE AND CRIME DEBATE II: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES PART 3. Polar Explanations: Elevated Offending vs. Racial Discrimination? 16. P. Gilroy, ‘The Myth of Black Criminality’, in P. Scraton (ed.), Law, Order and the Authoritarian State (Open University Press, 1987), pp. 107–20. 17. J. Lea and J. Young, ‘The Race and Crime Debate’, What Is to Be Done About Law and Order? (Penguin, 1984), pp. 105–34. 18. T. Jefferson, ‘The Racism of Criminalization: Police and the Reproduction of the Criminal Other’, in L. R. Gelsthorpe (ed.), Minority Ethnic Groups in the Criminal Justice System (Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University, 1993), pp. 26–40. 19. R. Reiner, ‘Race, Crime and Justice: Models of Interpretation’, in L. R. Gelsthorpe (ed.), Minority Ethnic Groups in the Criminal Justice System (Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University, 1993), pp. 1–25. 20. B. Bowling, ‘Conceptual and Methodological Problems in Measuring "Race" Differences in Delinquency: A Reply to Marianne Junger’, British Journal of Criminology, 1990, 30, 4, 483–92. 21. T. Jefferson and M. A. Walker, ‘Attitudes to the Police of Ethnic Minorities in a Provincial City’, British Journal of Criminology, 1993, 33, 2, 251–66. 22. B. Bowling and C. Phillips, ‘Conclusion’, Racism, Crime and Justice (Pearson Education, 2002), pp. 233–50. 23. R. Hood, ‘Comparing Custody Rates’, Race and Sentencing (Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 75–88. 24. D. Smith, ‘Ethnic Differences in Intergenerational Crime Patterns’, in M. Tonry (ed.), Crime and Justice, Vol. 32 (University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp. 71–82. 25. E. Genders and E. Player, ‘Racial Discrimination in the Allocation of Inmates to Jobs and Training Courses’, Race Relations in Prison (Clarendon Press, 1989), pp. 119–34. PART 4. Victimization, Racist Violence, and Criminal Justice Responses 26. A. Clancy, M. Hough, R. Aust, and C. Kershaw, Crime, Policing and Justice: The Experience of Ethnic Minorities; Findings from the 2000 British Crime Survey (London: Home Office Research Study 223), pp. 11–19. 27. A. Mama, The Hidden Struggle: Statutory and Voluntary Sector Responses to Violence Against Black Women in the Home, 2nd edn. (Whiting & Birch, 1996), pp. 172–83. 28. A. Gill, ‘Voicing the Silent Fear: South Asian Women’s Experiences of Domestic Violence’, Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 2004, 43, 5, 465–83. 29. C. Webster, ‘Local Heroes: Violent Racism, Localism and Spacism Among White and Asian Young People’, Youth & Policy, 1996, 53, 15–27. 30. B. Bowling, Violent Racism: Victimization, Policing and Social Context (Oxford University Press), pp. 189–99. 31. A. J. Brimicombe, M. P. Ralphs, A. Sampson, and H. Y. Tsui, ‘An Analysis of the Role of Neighbourhood Ethnic Composition in the Geographical Distribution of Racially Motivated Incidents’, British Journal of Criminology, 2001, 41, 2, 293–308. 32. P. Iganski, ‘Conceptualising Anti-Jewish Hate Crime’, in B. Perry (ed.), The Victims of Hate Crime (Praeger Publishers, 2009), pp. 107–19. 33. E. Burney, ‘The Uses and Limits of Prosecuting Racially Aggravated Offences’, in P. Iganski (ed.), The Hate Debate: Should Hate Be Punished as a Crime? (Profile Books, 2002), pp. 103–13. 34. L. Ray, D. A. Smith, and L. Wastell, ‘Shame, Rage and Racist Violence’, British Journal of Criminology, 2004, 44, 3, 350–68. 35. D. Gadd and B. Dixon, ‘Zahid Mubarek’s Murderer: The Case of Robert Stewart’, Losing the Race: Thinking Psychosocially About Racially Motivated Crime (Karnac, 2011), pp. 167–89. 36. N. Chakraborti and J. Garland, ‘Reconceptualising Hate Crime Victimization Through the Lens of Vulnerability and "Difference"’, Theoretical Criminology, 2012, 16, 4, 499–514. PART 5. The Macpherson Report (1999): Critiquing the Concept of Institutional Racism 37. J. Lea, ‘The Macpherson Report and the Question of Institutional Racism’, Howard Journal, 2000, 39, 3, 219–33. 38. C. Phillips, ‘Institutional Racism and Ethnic Inequalities: An Expanded Multilevel Framework’, Journal of Social Policy, 2011, 40, 1, 185–7. 39. A. Souhami, ‘Institutional Racism and Police Reform: An Empirical Critique’, Policing and Society, 2012, 1–21. VOLUME III: THE LEGACY OF LAWRENCE AND BEYOND PART 6. Post-Lawrence Policing: Racialized Injustice? 40. E. Mclaughlin, ‘Diversity of Anarchy? The Post-Macpherson Blues’, in M. Rowe (ed.), Policing Beyond Macpherson: Issues in Policing, Race and Society (Willan Publishing, 2007), pp. 18–42. 41. M. Shiner, ‘Post-Lawrence Policing in England and Wales: Guilt, Innocence and the Defence of Organizational Ego’, British Journal of Criminology, 2010, 50, 5, 935–53. 42. E. Cashmore, ‘Behind the Window Dressing: Ethnic Minority Police Perspectives on Cultural Diversity’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2002, 28, 2, 327–41. 43. S. Holdaway and M. O’Neill, ‘Where Has all the Racism Gone? Views of Racism Within Constabularies after Macpherson’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2007, 30, 3, 397–415. 44. B. Loftus, ‘Dominant Culture Interrupted: Recognition, Resentment and the Politics of Change in an English Police Force’, British Journal of Criminology, 2008, 48, 6, 756–77. 45. D. Sharp and S. Atherton, ‘To Serve and Protect? The Experiences of Policing in the Community of Young People from Black and Other Ethnic Minority Groups’, British Journal of Criminology, 2007, 47, 5, 746–63. 46. B. Spalek, ‘Community Policing, Trust, and Muslim Communities in Relation to "New Terrorism"’, Politics & Policy, 2010, 38, 4, 789–815. 47. Z. James, ‘Policing Marginal Spaces: Controlling Gypsies and Travellers’, Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2007, 7, 4, 367–89. PART 7. Stop and Search 48. J. Mooney and J. Young, ‘Policing Ethnic Minorities: Stop and Search in North London’, in A. Marlow and B. Loveday (eds.), After Macpherson: Policing after the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry (Russell House Publishing, 2000), pp. 73–87. 49. P. A. J. Waddington, K. Stenson, and D. Don, ‘In Proportion: Race, and Police Stop and Search’, British Journal of Criminology, 2004, 44, 6, 889–914. 50. B. Bowling and C. Phillips, ‘Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search’, Modern Law Review, 2007, 70, 6, 936–61. 51. R. Del Sol and M. Shiner, ‘Regulating Stop and Search: A Challenge for Police and Community Relations in England and Wales’, Critical Criminology, 2006, 14, 3, 241–63. 52. C. Pantazis and S. Pemberton, ‘From the "Old" to the "New" Suspect Community Examining the Impacts of Recent UK Counter-Terrorist Legislation’, British Journal of Criminology, 2009, 49, 5, 646–66. 53. A. Parmar, ‘Stop and Search in London: Counter-Terrorist or Counter-Productive?’, Policing and Society, 2011, 21, 4, 369–82. PART 8. Racialized Social Control: Beyond Policing 54. S. Shute, R. Hood, and F. Seemungal, ‘Perceptions of Fairness: A Quantitative Assessment’, A Fair Hearing: Ethnic Minorities in the Criminal Courts (Willan Publishing, 2005), pp. 32–41. 55. A. Calverley, B. Cole, G. Kaur, S. Lewis, P. Raynor, S. Sadeghi, D. Smith, M. Vanstone, and A. Wardak, ‘Black and Asian Probationers: Implications of the Home Office Study’, Probation Journal, 2006, 53, 1, 24–37. 56. D. Wilson, ‘"Keeping Quiet" or "Going Nuts": Some Emerging Strategies Used by Young Black People in Custody at a Time of Childhood Being Re-Constructed’, Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 2003, 42, 5, 411–25. 57. L. K. Cheliotis and A. Liebling, ‘Race Matters in British Prisons: Towards a Research Agenda’, British Journal of Criminology, 2006, 46, 2, 286–317. 58. T. May, T. Gyateng, and M. Hough, Differential Treatment in the Youth Justice System (London: EHRC Research Report 50), pp. 71–87. 59. B. Hudson and G. Bramhall, ‘Assessing the Other: Constructions of "Asianness" in Risk Assessments by Probation Officers’, British Journal of Criminology, 2005, 45, 5, 721–40. 60. J. A. Beckford, D. Joly, and F. Khosrokhavar, ‘Categorisation and Self-Definition Among Muslim Prisoners’, Muslims in Prison: Challenge and Change in Britain and France (Palgrave, 2005), pp. 187–204. 61. C. Phillips, ‘The (Hidden) Presence and Absence of Prison Officer Racism: Prisoner Objectives’, The Multicultural Prison: Ethnicity, Masculinity, and Social Relations Among Prisoners (Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 171–97. VOLUME IV: OFFENDING AND SOCIAL CONTROL IN LATE MODERNITY: NEW AND RECONFIGURED FORMS PART 9. Offending, Criminality, and Criminalization 62. K. Murji, ‘Wild Life: Representations and Constructions of Yardies’, in J. Ferrell and N. Websdale (eds.), Make Trouble: Cultural Representatives of Crime, Deviance and Control (Aldine de Gruyter, 1999), pp. 179–201. 63. S. Hallsworth, ‘The Production of Motivated Offenders’, Street Crime (Willan Publishing, 2005), pp. 122–41. 64. S. Palmer and J. Pitts, ‘"Othering" the Brothers: Black Youth, Racial Solidarity and Gun Crime’, Youth & Policy, 2006, 91, 5–21. 65. A. Gunter, ‘Growing Up Bad: Black Youth, Road Culture and Badness in an East London Neighbourhood’, Crime Media Culture, 2008, 4, 3, 349–65. 66. G. Hales, C. Lewis, and D. Silverstone, Gun Crime: The Market in and Use of Illegal Firearms (London: Home Office Research Study 298), pp. 27–36. 67. C. Webster, ‘Marginalized White Ethnicity, Race and Crime’, Theoretical Criminology, 2008, 12, 3, 293–312. 68. Claire Alexander, ‘Re-imagining the Muslim Community’, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 1998, 11, 4, 439–50. 69. C. Webster, ‘The Construction of British Muslim Criminality and Disorder’, in M. Farrar, S. Robinson, Y. Valli, and P. Wetherly (eds.), ‘Islam’ in ‘the West’: Key Issues in Multiculturalism (Palgrave, 2012), pp. 201–15. 70. M. Bolognani, ‘Criminological Discourses: Labelling’, Crime and Muslim Britain: Race, Culture and the Politics of Criminology Among British Pakistanis (I. B. Tauris, 2009), pp. 74–94. 71. E. Cockbain, ‘Grooming and the "Asian Sex Gang Predator": The Construction of a Racial Crime Threat’, Race & Class, 2013, 54, 4, 22–32. PART 10. The Racial Contours of Border Control and Punishment 72. A. De Giorgi, ‘The Criminalisation of International Migrations: Towards an Actuarial Model of Control?’, Re-Thinking the Political Economy of Punishment: Perspectives on Post-Fordism and Penal Politics (Ashgate, 2006), pp. 111–38. 73. L. Wacquant, ‘"Suitable Enemies": Foreigners and Immigrants in the Prisons of Europe’, Punishment & Society, 1999, 1, 2, 215–22. 74. M. Bosworth, ‘Border Control and the Limits of the Sovereign State’, Social & Legal Studies, 2008, 17, 2, 199–215. 75. M. Bosworth, ‘Subjectivity and Identity in Detention: Punishment and Society in a Global Age’, Theoretical Criminology, 2012, 16, 2, 123–40. PART 11. Critical Insights from Criminology 76. M. Rice, ‘Challenging Orthodoxies in Feminist Theory: A Black Feminist Critique’, in L. Gelsthorpe and A. Morris (eds.), Feminist Perspectives in Criminology (Open University Press, 1990), pp. 57–69. 77. C. Webster, ‘The Discourse on "Race" in Criminological Theory’, in S. Hall and S. Winlow (eds.), New Directions in Criminological Theory (Routledge, 2012), pp. 106–22. 78. B. Hudson, ‘Beyond White Man’s Justice: Race, Gender and Justice in Late Modernity’, Theoretical Criminology, 2006, 10, 1, 29–47. 79. B. Agozino, ‘Conclusion: Beyond Criminological Orientalism’, Counter-Colonial Criminology: A Critique of Imperialist Reason (Pluto Press, 2003), pp. 228–47. 80. C. Phillips and B. Bowling, ‘Racisim, Race and Ethnicity: Developing Minority Perspectives in Criminology’, British Journal of Criminology, 2003, 43, 2, 269–90. 81. C. Phillips and R. Earle, ‘Reading Difference Differently: Identity, Epistemology, and Prison Ethnography’, British Journal of Criminology, 50, 2, 360–78.