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List of Contributors xxi Preface xxvii 1 Studies On Biocompatible Surface–Active Silica Aerogel and Polyurethane???Siloxane Cross–Linked Structures for Various Surfaces 1K. Seeni Meera, R. Murali Sankar, S. N. Jaisankar, and Asit Baran Mandal 2 Interaction of Anesthetics with Globular Proteins 17Makoto Nishimoto, Michio Yamanaka, and Hitoshi Matsuki 3 Lipid Monolayer and Interaction with Anesthetics 36Yasushi Yamamoto and Keijiro Taga 4 Atomic Force Microscopy for Measuring Interaction Forces in Biological Materials and Cells 59Naoyuki Ishida, Yasuyuki Kusaka, Tomonori Fukasawa, and Hiroyuki Shinto 5 Bacterial Interactions 68Masanori Toyofuku, Yosuke Tashiro, Tomohiro Inaba, and Nobuhiko Nomura 6 2D and 3D Biocompatible Polymers for Biomedical Devices 82Masaru Tanaka 7 Biofilm 94Hisao Morisaki 8 Use of Microorganisms for Complex ORE Beneficiation: Bioflotation as an Example 108Akira Otsuki 9 Biofouling 118Kazuho Nakamura 10 Bioinspired Microemulsions and Their Strategic Pharmacological Perspectives 122Soumik Bardhan, Kaushik Kundu, Gulmi Chakraborty, Bidyut K. Paul, Satya P. Moulik, and Swapan K. Saha 11 Development of Nonfouling Biomaterials 145Ruey–Yug Tsay and Toyoko Imae 12 Surface Characterization of Silver and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Incorporated into Collagen–based Scaffolds as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration: State–of–the–Art and Future Perspectives 161Abhishek Mandal, N. Chandrasekaran, Amitava Mukherjee, and Thothapalli P. Sastry 13 Biomimetic Polymer Aggregates: Self–Assembly Induced by Chemical Reactions 181Eri Yoshida 14 Molecular Interaction in Biomimetics and Biosystems: Chirality and Confinement at Nanodimension 195Nilashis Nandi and Saheb Dutta 15 Softinterface on Biosensing 211Yukichi Horiguchi and Yukio Nagasaki 16 Bioseparation Using Thermoresponsive Polymers 220Kenichi Nagase and Teruo Okano 17 Biosurfactants 231Etsuo Kokufuta 18 Structure and Regulation of the Blood???Brain Barrier 244Yung–Chih Kuo, Chin–Lung Lee, and Jyh–Ping Hsu 19 Boron Tracedrugs as Theranostic Agents for Neutron Dynamic Therapy 255Hitoshi Hori and Hiroshi Terada 20 Carbohydrates as Biocolloids in Nanoscience 260Zaheer Khan, Shokit Hussain, Ommer Bashir, and Shaeel Ahmed Al–Thabaiti 21 High–Strength Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels for Artificial Cartilage 269Atsushi Suzuki and Teruo Murakami 22 Superior Tribological Behaviors of Articular Cartilage and Artificial Hydrogel Cartilage 278Teruo Murakami and Atsushi Suzuki 23 Self–Assembled Cell–Mimicking Vesicles Composed of Amphiphilic Molecules: Structure and Applications 292Swati De and Ranju Prasad Mandal 24 Integrin–Dependent Cell Regulation and its Clinical Application 313Takuya Iyoda, Takuya Matsunaga, and Fumio Fukai 25 Depth Profile of Kr+–Irradiated Chitosan 325Kazunaka Endo 26 Electronic Structure of Chitosan 331Kazunaka Endo 27 Aligned Fibrillar Collagen Matrices 340Ralf Zimmermann, Jens Friedrichs, Babette Lanfer, Uwe Freudenberg, and Carsten Werner 28 Colloidal Crystallization 355Tsuneo Okubo 29 Dielectric Properties of Biological Macromolecules and Biomolecule???Water Interfaces 380Brandon Campbell, Lin Li, and Emil Alexov 30 NMR of Drug Delivery Coupled with Lipid Membrane Dynamics 391Emiko Okamura 31 Stimulus–Responsive Intelligent Drug Delivery System Based on Hydroxyapatite–Related Materials 403Makoto Otsuka 32 Drying Structure 412Tsuneo Okubo 33 Electrophoretic Mobility of Colloidal Particles 430Hiroyuki Ohshima 34 Electrostatic Interaction Between Colloidal Particles 439Hiroyuki Ohshima 35 Physicochemical Properties and Clinical Applications Of Surfactant–Free Emulsions Prepared with Electrolytic Reduction IonWater (ERI) 451Ken–ichi Shimokawa and Fumiyoshi Ishii 36 Steady–State Coupling in Enzyme Membrane 459Kazuo Nomura 37 Evaluation of Zeta–Potential of Individual Exosomes Secreted from Biological Cells Using a Microcapillary Electrophoresis Chip 469Takanori Akagi and Takanori Ichiki 38 Flocculation Dynamics on the Basis of Collision–Limited Analysis 474Yasuhisa Adachi 39 Anisotropic Gel Formation Induced by Dialysis 487Toshiaki Dobashi and Takao Yamamoto 40 Gels 498Etsuo Kokufuta 41 Gel Crystals 514Tsuneo Okubo 42 Oleic Acid–Based Surfactants as Cost–Effective Gemini Surfactants 529Kenichi Sakai and Masahiko Abe 43 Synthesis and Properties of Heterocyclic Cationic Gemini Surfactants 539Avinash Bhadani, Sukhprit Singh, Hideki Sakai, and Masahiko Abe 44 Functional Hydrogel Microspheres 554Daisuke Suzuki, Takuma Kureha, and Koji Horigome 45 Hydrophilic???Lipophilic Balance (HLB): Classical Indexation and Novel Indexation of Surfactant 570Yuji Yamashita and Kazutami Sakamoto Index 000 List of Contributors xix Preface xxv 46 Insulin Fibrillation and Role of Peptides and Small Molecules in its Inhibition Process 575Victor Banerjee and K.P. Das 47 Interfacial Water Between Charge–Neutralized Polymer and Liquid Water 592Hiromi Kitano and Makoto Gemmei–Ide 48 Langmuir Monolayer Interaction of Perfluorooctylated Long–Chain Alcohols With Biomembrane Constituents 597Hiromichi Nakahara and Osamu Shibata 49 Affinity Latex 609Haruma Kawaguchi 50 Latex Diagnosis 614Haruma Kawaguchi 51 Light Scattering and Electrophoretic Light Scattering of Biopolymers 619Etsuo Kokufuta 52 Impact of Line Tension on Colloidal Systems 628Hiroki Matsubara, Takanori Takiue, and Makoto Aratono 53 Liquid Structures and Properties of Lipids 642Makio Iwahashi 54 Birefringence in Lipid Bilayer Membranes 661Kiyoshi Mishima 55 Surface States of Lipid Monolayers Containing Gangliosides 674Shoko Yokoyama 56 Liponanocapsule: A Nanocapsule Built From a Liposomal Template 684Yuuka Fukui and Keiji Fujimoto 57 Physical Phenomena of Magnetic Suspensions for Application to Bioengineering 690Akira Satoh 58 Ion–Sensing Membrane Electrodes in Study of Surfactant???Biopolymer Interaction 704Sudeshna M. Chatterjea, Koustubh Panda, and Satya P. Moulik 59 Membrane Potential as a Function of Dielectric Constant 721Akihiko Tanioka and Hidetoshi Matsumoto 60 Biophysical Studies of a Micellar Protein ??????–Crystallin by Fluorescence Methods 737Aritra Chowdhury, Rajat Banerjee, and K.P. Das 61 Modeling Muscle Contraction Mechanism in Accordance with Sliding–Filament Theory 753Toshio Mitsui and Hiroyuki Ohshima 62 Nanocarriers of Functional Materials From Amino Acid Surfactants 771Geetha Baskar, S. Angayarkanny, and Asit Baran Mandal 63 Syntheses of Metallic Nanocolloids and the Quenching Abilities of Reactive Oxygen Species 784Yukihide Shiraishi and Naoki Toshima 64 Silver and Gold Nanocomposites: Amino Acid Sidechain Effect on Morphology 790Zoya Zaheer and Rafiuddin 65 Nanogel, an Internally Networked Poly(Amino Acid) Nanoparticle for pH–Responsive Delivery 799Jong–Duk Kim and Chan Woo Park 66 Strategies of Metal Nanoparticles for Nanobiology 812Daisuke Matsukuma and Hidenori Otsuka 67 On–Chip Electrophoresis for Evaluating Zeta–Potential of Nanoliposomes 821Takanori Akagi and Takanori Ichiki 68 Phase Separation in Phospholipid Bilayers Induced by Cholesterol 825Nobutake Tamai, Masaki Goto, and Hitoshi Matsuki 69 Phase Separation Phenomena in Drug Systems 841Andleeb Z. Naqvi and Kabir–ud–Din 70 Bilayer Imaging of Phosphatidylcholines by High–Pressure Fluorometry 860Masaki Goto, Nobutake Tamai, and Hitoshi Matsuki 71 Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Mechanisms Involved in Plant Response to Salt Stress 870Xiaoli Tang, Xingmin Mu, Hongbo Shao, Hongyan Wang, and Marian Brestic 72 Interfacial Phenomena of Pulmonary Surfactant Preparations 885Hiromichi Nakahara, Sannamu Lee, and Osamu Shibata 73 Using Thin Liquid Film for Study of Pulmonary Surfactants 905Dotchi Exerowa, Roumen Todorov, and Dimo Platikanov 74 Probing Receptor???Ligand Interactions on a Single Molecule Level Using Optical Tweezers 915Tim Stangner, Carolin Wagner, Christof Gutsche, Konstanze Stangner, David Singer, Stefano Angioletti–Uberti, and Friedrich Kremer 75 AC Electrokinetics of Concentrated Suspensions of Soft and Hairy Nanoparticles: Model and Experiments 933Silvia Ahualli, Angel V. Delgado, Félix Carrique, and María Luisa Jimenez 76 Electrophoretic Behavior of pH–Regulated Soft Biocolloids 946Li–Hsien Yeh and Jyh–Ping Hsu 77 Electrophoretic Mobility of Soft Particles 961Kimiko Makino and Hiroyuki Ohshima 78 Potential Distribution Around a Hard Particle and a Soft Particle 970Hiroyuki Ohshima 79 Soil Interfacial Electrical Phenomena 979Munehide Ishiguro 80 Pharmaceutical Solid???Water Interface Phenomena Measured by Near–Infrared Spectroscopy 994Yusuke Hattori and Makoto Otsuka 81 Colloid Stability of Biocolloidal Dispersions 1004Tharwat Tadros 82 Stability Ratio and Early–Stage Aggregation Kinetics of Colloidal Dispersions 1014Hiroyuki Ohshima 83 Catanionic Surfactants: Novel Surrogates of Phospholipids 1120Kausik Manna and Amiya Kumar Panda 84 Phase Behavior of Natural–Sourced Surfactant Systems 1144Kenji Aramaki 85 Surfactants and Biosurfactants 1151Youichi Takata 86 Effect of Additives on Self–Association and Clouding Phenomena of Various Surface–Active Drugs 1156Md. Sayem Alam and Asit Baran Mandal 87 Thermodynamic Analysis of Partial Molar Volume in Biocolloidal Systems 1171Michio Yamanaka, Hideyuki Maekawa, Tamaki Yasui, and Hitoshi Matsuki 88 Van Der Waals Interaction Between Colloidal Particles 1187Hiroyuki Ohshima 89 Wormlike Micelles with Nonionic Surfactants 1195Rekha Goswami Shrestha, Kenji Aramaki, Hideki Sakai, and Masahiko Abe Index 000