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Introduction Part 1 Biological Resources for Agricultural Biodiversity 1. Plant genetic resources 2. Animal domestication, genetic diversity and genomic analysis 3. Forest and tree genetic resources 4. Wild plant and animal genetic resources 5. Aquatic genetic resources 6. Pests, predators and parasitoids 7. Pollinators 8. Soil biodiversity and bacterial and mycorrhizal resources Part 2 The Origins & History of Agricultural Biodiversity 9. Genetic aspects of crop domestication 10. Evolution and domestication of clonal crops 11. Agricultural biodiversity and the Columbian exchange 12. The Green Revolution and crop biodiversity 13. Agroecology: using functional biodiversity to design productive and resilient polycultural systems 14. The role of trees in agroecology Part 3 The Value of Agricultural Biodiversity 15. The quality of the agricultural matrix and long term conservation of biodiversity 16. Agricultural biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services 17. Leveraging agricultural biodiversity for crop improvement 18. Neglected no more: leveraging under-utilized crops to address global challenges 19. Agricultural biodiversity, resilience, adaptation and climate change 20. An argument for integrating wild and agricultural biodiversity conservation Part 4 Agricultural Biodiversity: Human Health and Wellbeing 21. Harvesting common ground: maximizing the co-benefits of agrobiodiversity and human health 22. Edible insect diversity for food and nutrition 23. Cultural heritage and agrobiodiversity 24. Holding on to agrobiodiversity: human nutrition and health of Indigenous Peoples 25. Agricultural biodiversity for healthy diets and food systems Part 5 The Drivers of Agricultural Biodiversity 26. Law, policy and agricultural biodiversity 27. Implementing Access and Benefit-Sharing policies to support the use of biological diversity to adapt agricultural systems to climate change 28. ‘Stewardship’ or ‘ownership’: how to realise Farmers’ Rights? 29. Land-use retention and change to improved agricultural biodiversity 30. Markets, consumer demand and agricultural biodiversity 31. Community biodiversity management 32. The role and importance of agricultural biodiversity in urban agriculture 33. Gender and agricultural biodiversity 34. Seed systems: managing, using and creating crop genetic resources Part 6 Safeguarding Agricultural Biodiversity 35. Uncovering the role of custodian farmers in the on-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity 36. Agricultural biodiversity conservation and management - the role of ex situ approaches 37. Seeds to keep and seeds to share: the multiple roles of community seed banks 38. 'Because it is ours': farmers’ knowledge, innovation and identity in the making of agricultural biodiversity 39. Landscapes of loss and remembrance in agrobiodiversity conservation 40. From participatory plant breeding to local innovation networks in Cuba 41. Strengthening institutions and organizations, and building capacity for the conservation and use of agricultural biodiversity 42. Information, knowledge and agricultural biodiversity 43. Biodiversity is given life by small-scale food providers: defending agricultural biodiversity and ecological food provision in the framework of food sovereignty